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Our aim was to assess the prevalence of extra-esophageal symptoms in individuals with and those without erosive esophagitis in Albania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2013control study was conducted at the Regional Hospital of Durres, the second main district in Albania, a transitional country in South Eastern Europe, including 248 patients with erosive esophagitis (aged 46.5\u2009\u00b1\u200916.3\u00a0years) and 273 controls (aged 46.4\u2009\u00b1\u200916.0\u00a0years; response rate: 70%) enrolled during the period January 2013\u2013June 2014. Both cases and controls underwent upper endoscopy. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors was also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of erosive esophagitis and extra-esophageal symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with erosive esophagitis had a higher prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentarity, non-Mediterranean diet and obesity compared to their control counterparts (9% vs. 5%, 70% vs. 49%, 31% vs. 17%, 61% vs. 49% and 22% vs. 9%, respectively). Upon adjustment for all socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle\/behavioral factors, there was evidence of a strong association of erosive esophagitis with chronic cough (OR\u2009=\u20093.2, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.7\u20135.8), and even more so with laryngeal disorders (OR\u2009=\u20094.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.6\u20137.5). In all models, the association of erosive esophagitis with any extra-esophageal symptoms was strong and mainly consistent with each of the symptoms separately (fully-adjusted model: OR\u2009=\u20094.6, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.9\u20137.3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that the prevalence of extra-esophageal symptoms is higher among patients with erosive esophagitis in a transitional country characterized conventionally by employment of a Mediterranean diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01658-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1613564426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Extra-esophageal symptoms in individuals with and without erosive esophagitis: a case\u2013control study in Albania"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Edite","family":"Sadiku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eqerem","family":"Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indrit","family":"K\u00eblli\u00e7i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Mone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatjona","family":"Kraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bledar","family":"Kraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genc","family":"Burazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x","volume":"101","author":"N Vakil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. 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All participants gave their consent after being informed about the aim and procedures of the study. We confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"76"}}