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However, factors other than<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>are involved in its pathogenesis. In the current study, we aimed to compare the clinical manifestations and endoscopic and histopathological findings of patients with and without<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, 233 patients with dyspepsia, referred for endoscopy, were examined regarding the presence of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection. During an<jats:italic>endoscopic exam<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>5 biopsy<\/jats:italic>specimens<jats:italic>were taken<\/jats:italic>from the<jats:italic>stomach<\/jats:italic>. The criteria for the presence of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection was the presence and identification of bacteria in pathology. Two groups of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive and<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative patients were compared regarding their demographic, endoscopic, and pathological findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 233 patients, 154 (66.1%) were non-smokers, 201 (86.3%) were not alcohol users, and 153 (65.7%) used tap water. The most common symptom, reported in 157 (67.4%) patients, was epigastric pain. There was a significant difference between patients with and without<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection in terms of the educational status, occupational status, family history of gastrointestinal cancer, and some gastrointestinal symptoms. Also, there was a significant relationship between the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study revealed that<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection was not associated with sex, alcohol consumption, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The role of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>in the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer was clarified. Also, there was a significant difference in the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01931-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T15:03:17Z","timestamp":1632754997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection in Iran: demographic, endoscopic and pathological factors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedeh Amineh","family":"Hojati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Kokabpeyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8432-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Joukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Asgharnezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fariborz","family":"Mansour-Ghanaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1931_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12332","volume":"21","author":"M Leeja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leeja M, Axon A, Brenner H. 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Written Informed consent was obtained from all individual adult participants included in this study. The consent form for illiterate people was read by their first degree relatives and in the absence of the first family, the\u00a0form was read by one of their trusted people. This manuscript has not been published in whole or in part. All authors have read the manuscript and have agreed that the work is ready for submission and accept responsibility for its contents.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"355"}}