{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:11:06Z","timestamp":1775671866465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013041","name":"Vice-Chancellor for Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important liver diseases. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has anti-atherogenic properties and its reduction can be associated with fatty liver. Serum ferritin levels are usually elevated in patients with NAFLD. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HDL subtypes and serum ferritin levels with evidence of NAFLD in liver histology of organ donors.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n  One hundred organ donor patients who were eligible for the study were included in the study and ferritin; HDL2 and HDL3 were measured in blood samples. Donated liver tissue biopsy specimens were evaluated for fatty liver and NAFLD activity score (NAS). In addition, AST and ALT were measured in recipients 24\u00a0h after transplant. All data abstracted and analyzed statistically.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Serum HDL2 levels and HDL2\/HDL3 ratio in patients with NAS &gt;\u00a01 were significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Serum levels of HDL3 and ferritin were not significantly associated with NAS &gt;1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). In addition, serum ferritin &gt;\u00a01000 ng\/ml in organ donors associated with increased AST and ALT levels 24\u00a0h after transplantation in the liver organ recipient.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lower HDL2 values and HDL2\/HDL3 ratio were associated with increased NAFLD activity score, but HDL3 and ferritin did not show such a relationship. In addition, higher levels of ferritin in organ donors may be associated with increased AST and ALT 24\u00a0h after liver transplantation in the organ recipient.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01958-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T07:03:38Z","timestamp":1635318218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correlation between HDL2, HDL3 and serum ferritin levels with fatty liver and NAFLD activity score (NAS) in liver histology of organ donors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Saman","family":"Nikeghbalian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasoul","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Nikoupour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Vakili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Zal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Kaveh Baghbahadorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","volume":"140","author":"CD Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, Torres DM, Shaw J, Contreras M, Landt CL, Harrison SA. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(1):124\u201331.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1958_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324898","volume":"24","author":"JA Cohen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Kaplan MM. The SGOT\/SGPT ratio--an indicator of alcoholic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1979;24(11):835\u20138.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-12926","volume":"21","author":"Y Falck-Ytter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Falck-Ytter Y, Younossi ZM, Marchesini G, McCullough AJ. Clinical features and natural history of nonalcoholic steatosis syndromes. Semin Liver Dis. 2001;21(1):17\u201326.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1958_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2004.04.004","volume":"8","author":"AJ McCullough","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCullough AJ. The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2004;8(3):521\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1958_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E958-961","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2682","volume":"96","author":"M Haap","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haap M, Machann J, von Friedeburg C, Schick F, Stefan N, Schwenzer NF, Fritsche A, H\u00e4ring HU, Thamer C. Insulin sensitivity and liver fat: role of iron load. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(6):E958-961.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1958_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02774683","volume":"18","author":"G Kajiyama","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kajiyama G, Takata K, Horiuchi I, Nakagawa M, Yamamoto M, Miyoshi A. Changes in high density lipoproteins in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Levels and lipid composition of HDL2 and HDL3 and LCAT reaction. Gastroenterol Jpn. 1983;18(2):98\u2013108.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Jpn"},{"issue":"2","key":"1958_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1558","volume":"31","author":"K Kantartzis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kantartzis K, Rittig K, Cegan A, Machann J, Schick F, Balletshofer B, Fritsche A, Schleicher E, H\u00e4ring HU, Stefan N. Fatty liver is independently associated with alterations in circulating HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(2):366\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1958_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.05.008","volume":"55","author":"P Dongiovanni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani AL, Fargion S, Valenti L. Iron in fatty liver and in the metabolic syndrome: a promising therapeutic target. J Hepatol. 2011;55(4):920\u201332.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1958_CR9","volume-title":"Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas","author":"EM Brunt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brunt EM. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In: Odze RD, Goldblum JR, editors. Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas. Elsevier; 2009."},{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306421","volume":"32","author":"DE Kleiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kleiner DE, Brunt EM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathologic patterns and biopsy evaluation in clinical research. Semin Liver Dis. 2012;32(1):3\u201313.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-12925","volume":"21","author":"EM Brunt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brunt EM. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: definition and pathology. Semin Liver Dis. 2001;21(1):3\u201316.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"1958_CR12","first-page":"S47-64","volume":"62","author":"CD Byrne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(1 Suppl):S47-64.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1958_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R116","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3842","volume":"14","author":"E Arts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arts E, Fransen J, Lemmers H, Stalenhoef A, Joosten L, van Riel P, Popa CD. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 are reduced in women with rheumatoid arthritis and may augment the cardiovascular risk of women with RA: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(3):R116.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.1.129","volume":"84","author":"JT Salonen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Salonen JT, Salonen R, Sepp\u00e4nen K, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J. HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 subfractions, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. A prospective population study in eastern Finnish men. Circulation. 1991;84(1):129\u201339.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"1958_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90352-3","volume":"47","author":"D Sich","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sich D, Sa\u00efdi Y, Giral P, Lagrost L, Egloff M, Auer C, Gautier V, Turpin G, Beucler I. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia: characterization of a cardioprotective profile associating increased high-density lipoprotein2 levels and decreased hepatic lipase activity. Metabolism. 1998;47(8):965\u201373.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29639-5","volume":"8","author":"R Fadaei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fadaei R, Poustchi H, Meshkani R, Moradi N, Golmohammadi T, Merat S. Impaired HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):11691.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1958_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24706","volume":"55","author":"KV Kowdley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kowdley KV, Belt P, Wilson LA, Yeh MM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Chalasani N, Sanyal AJ, Nelson JE. Serum ferritin is an independent predictor of histologic severity and advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2012;55(1):77\u201385.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1958_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.004","volume":"46","author":"P Trombini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trombini P, Piperno A. Ferritin, metabolic syndrome and NAFLD: elective attractions and dangerous liaisons. J Hepatol. 2007;46(4):549\u201352.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1958_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13144","volume":"36","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6m H, Nasr P, Bottai M, Ekstedt M, Kechagias S, Hultcrantz R, St\u00e5l P. Elevated serum ferritin is associated with increased mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after 16 years of follow-up. Liver Int. 2016;36(11):1688\u201395.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"1958_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24222","volume":"21","author":"T Wakiya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wakiya T, Sanada Y, Urahashi T, Ihara Y, Yamada N, Okada N, Hirata Y, Hakamada K, Yasuda Y, Mizuta K. Impact of the serum ferritin concentration in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(11):1419\u201327.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"8","key":"1958_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcs060","volume":"105","author":"S Darnis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Darnis S, Fareau N, Corallo CE, Poole S, Dooley MJ, Cheng AC. Estimation of body weight in hospitalized patients. QJM. 2012;105(8):769\u201374.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"3","key":"1958_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24127","volume":"53","author":"EM Brunt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Wilson LA, Belt P, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and the histopathologic diagnosis in NAFLD: distinct clinicopathologic meanings. Hepatology. 2011;53(3):810\u201320.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1958_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","volume":"41","author":"DE Kleiner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M, Behling C, Contos MJ, Cummings OW, Ferrell LD, Liu YC, Torbenson MS, Unalp-Arida A, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2005;41(6):1313\u201321.","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01958-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01958-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01958-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T07:04:13Z","timestamp":1635318253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01958-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01958-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The trial protocol had been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.SUMS.MED.REC.1399.328) and written informed consent was obtained from family of all participants in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Declaration\nof Helsinki: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"405"}}