{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:07:17Z","timestamp":1779232037775,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2021-C-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2021-C-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2121-M-040-002; MOST 110-2121-M-040-002; MOST 109-2811-M-040-500; MOST 110-2811-M-040-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gallstones are abnormal masses caused by impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin, or bile salts in the gallbladder or biliary tract. ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 8 (ABCG8) is a protein that regulates cholesterol efflux from the liver. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses of GWAS revealed the ABCG8 rs11887534 variant as the most common genetic determinant of gallstones in humans. These findings have not been extensively replicated in Taiwanese. Therefore, we appraised the relationship between gallstones and rs11887534 in a relatively large Taiwanese sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrieved data collected through questionnaires, physical and biochemical tests from the Taiwan Biobank Bank (TWB). The study participants comprised 7388 men and 13,880 women who voluntarily enrolled in the Taiwan Biobank project between 2008 and 2019. Gallstones were self-reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall sample size was 21,268 comprising 938 gallstone patients and 20,330 non-gallstone individuals. Among the participants, 20,640 had the GG and 628 had the GC\u2009+\u2009CC genotype. At<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, the baseline genotypes and gallstone status between men and women were not significantly different. The risk of gallstones was higher in participants having the GC\u2009+\u2009CC compared to the GG genotype: odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.698; 1.240\u20132.325), but was lower in men compared to women (OR\u2009=\u20090.763; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.638\u20130.913). Compared to men with the rs11887534 GG genotype, women with the GG and GC\u2009+\u2009CC genotypes had a higher risk of gallstone (OR; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.304; 1.087\u20131.565 for GG and 2.291; 1.514\u20133.467 for GC\u2009+\u2009CC). The positive association between GC\u2009+\u2009CC and gallstones was retained after we restricted the analysis to the female participants (OR; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.789\u2009=\u20091.208\u20132.648). Hormone use was associated with an elevated risk of gallstones (OR; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.359; 1.107\u20131.668). Relative to GG and no hormone use, we found a significantly high risk among hormone users with the GC\u2009+\u2009CC genotype (OR; 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.596; 1.495\u20138.650).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rs11887534 GC\u2009+\u2009CC genotype was independently associated with a higher risk of gallstones. This risk was much higher among women, especially those who used hormones for various gynecological purposes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-02060-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T18:02:40Z","timestamp":1639504960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk of gallstones based on ABCG8 rs11887534 single nucleotide polymorphism among Taiwanese men and women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Keng-Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Hsiang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Disline Manli","family":"Tantoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oswald Ndi","family":"Nfor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neng-Yu","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeu-Sheng","family":"Tyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Po","family":"Liaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v4.i2.18","volume":"4","author":"VI Reshetnyak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reshetnyak VI. Concept of the pathogenesis and treatment of cholelithiasis. World J Hepatol. 2012;4(2):18.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-111","volume":"11","author":"S-C Hung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hung S-C, et al. Risk factors associated with symptomatic cholelithiasis in Taiwan: a population-based study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2011;11(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2060_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199010000-00011","volume":"12","author":"S-N Lu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lu S-N, et al. Risk factors for gallstones among Chinese in Taiwan. A community sonographic survey. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1990;12(5):542\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2060_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/27.4.437","volume":"27","author":"C-Y Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen C-Y, et al. Age is one of the risk factors in developing gallstone disease in Taiwan. Age Ageing. 1998;27(4):437\u201341.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-63","volume":"9","author":"J Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang J, et al. Nationwide epidemiological study of severe gallstone disease in Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterol. 2009;9(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2060_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04381.x","volume":"21","author":"CH Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen CH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in an adult population of Taiwan: an epidemiological survey. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(11):1737\u201343.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2060_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6178","volume":"95","author":"K Kuo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuo K, et al. Significant association of ABCG5 604Q and ABCG8 D19H polymorphisms with gallstone disease. J Br Surg. 2008;95(8):1005\u201311.","journal-title":"J Br Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-83","volume":"14","author":"J-Y Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J-Y, et al. Clinical predictors of incident gallstone disease in a Chinese population in Taipei, Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2060_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i8.1281","volume":"12","author":"C-M Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu C-M, et al. Clinical correlation of gallstone disease in a Chinese population in Taiwan: experience at Cheng Hsin General Hospital. World J Gastroenterol WJG. 2006;12(8):1281.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol WJG"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-14-120","volume":"14","author":"R Goodloe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goodloe R, et al. Lipid trait-associated genetic variation is associated with gallstone disease in the diverse Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). BMC Med Genet. 2013;14(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.5.1.117","volume":"5","author":"RK Dhiman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Is there a link between oestrogen therapy and gallbladder disease? Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2006;5(1):117\u201329.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"19","key":"2060_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-006-0346-x","volume":"156","author":"G Novacek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Novacek G. Gender and gallstone disease. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2006;156(19):527\u201333.","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000113896","volume":"77","author":"RK Dhiman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Hormone replacement therapy and gallstone disease: a real association. Digestion. 2008;77(1):1.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"3","key":"2060_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.3.330","volume":"293","author":"DJ Cirillo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cirillo DJ, et al. Effect of estrogen therapy on gallbladder disease. JAMA. 2005;293(3):330\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000113897","volume":"77","author":"AR Hart","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hart AR, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and symptomatic gallstones\u2013a prospective population study in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Digestion. 2008;77(1):4\u20139.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR16","first-page":"19","volume":"41","author":"D Sieron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sieron D, et al. The effect of chronic estrogen application on bile and gallstone composition in women with cholelithiasis. Minerva Endocrinol. 2014;41(1):19\u201327.","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2060_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02249.x","volume":"268","author":"D Katsika","year":"2010","unstructured":"Katsika D, et al. Gallstone disease in Swedish twins: risk is associated with ABCG8 D19H genotype. J Intern Med. 2010;268(3):279\u201385.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2060_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200206000-00012","volume":"235","author":"A Nakeeb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nakeeb A, et al. Gallstones: genetics versus environment. Ann Surg. 2002;235(6):842.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2060_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21847","volume":"46","author":"F Gr\u00fcnhage","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnhage F, et al. Increased gallstone risk in humans conferred by common variant of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter for cholesterol. Hepatology. 2007;46(3):793\u2013801.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2060_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2007.06.004","volume":"384","author":"Y Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang Y, et al. ATP binding cassette G8 T400K polymorphism may affect the risk of gallstone disease among Chinese males. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;384(1\u20132):80\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"7","key":"2060_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12935","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12935","volume":"48","author":"C Rebholz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rebholz C, Krawczyk M, Lammert F. Genetics of gallstone disease. Eur J Clin Investig. 2018;48(7):e12935.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"8","key":"2060_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2101","volume":"39","author":"S Buch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buch S, et al. A genome-wide association scan identifies the hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCG8 as a susceptibility factor for human gallstone disease. Nat Genet. 2007;39(8):995\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2060_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-019-00832-1","volume":"35","author":"T Chauhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chauhan T, Mittal R, Mittal B. Association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes with gallstone disease: a meta-analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2020;35(3):290\u2013311.","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07460-y","volume":"9","author":"E Ferkingstad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferkingstad E, et al. Genome-wide association meta-analysis yields 20 loci associated with gallstone disease. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30313","volume":"70","author":"H Gellert-Kristensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gellert-Kristensen H, et al. Identification and replication of six loci associated with gallstone disease. Hepatology. 2019;70(2):597\u2013609.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2060_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06309.x","volume":"25","author":"SP Siddapuram","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siddapuram SP, et al. Hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCG8 polymorphisms in gallstone disease in an Indian population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(6):1093\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24046","volume":"53","author":"S Stender","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stender S, et al. Sterol transporter adenosine triphosphate\u2013binding cassette transporter G8, gallstones, and biliary cancer in 62,000 individuals from the general population. Hepatology. 2011;53(2):640\u20138.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgq194","volume":"32","author":"H-L Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu H-L, et al. Cholesterol metabolism gene polymorphisms and the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. Carcinogenesis. 2011;32(1):58\u201362.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-30","volume":"13","author":"O Renner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renner O, et al. Role of the ABCG8 19H risk allele in cholesterol absorption and gallstone disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR30","first-page":"1218","volume":"8","author":"L Zhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhan L, et al. Prevalence of ABCB4 polymorphisms in gallstone disease in han-Chinese population. Am J Transl Res. 2016;8(2):1218.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.04.007","volume":"151","author":"AD Joshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joshi AD, et al. Four susceptibility loci for gallstone disease identified in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(2):351-363. e28.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87200","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087200","volume":"9","author":"Z-Y Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang Z-Y, Cai Q, Chen E-Z. Association of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms of ATP binding cassette G8 gene with gallstone disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1):e87200.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2060_CR33","unstructured":"Biobank, T. Taiwan Biobank. 2015 [cited 2021 November 1]; Participation program]. Available from: https:\/\/www.twbiobank.org.tw\/new_web_en\/join-flow-before.php."},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-021-00178-9","volume":"6","author":"C-Y Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wei C-Y, et al. Genetic profiles of 103,106 individuals in the Taiwan Biobank provide insights into the health and history of Han Chinese. NPJ Genom Med. 2021;6(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"NPJ Genom Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2060_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001544","volume":"27","author":"T-L Hsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu T-L, et al. Association between osteoporosis and menopause in relation to SOX6 rs297325 variant in Taiwanese women. Menopause (New York, NY). 2020;27(8):887.","journal-title":"Menopause (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2060_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01296-8","volume":"307","author":"A Tauscher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tauscher A, Kuver R. ABCG5 and ABCG8 are expressed in gallbladder epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;307(4):1021\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.020","volume":"233","author":"J Besseling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Besseling J, et al. Severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and risk for cardiovascular disease: a study of a cohort of 14,000 mutation carriers. Atherosclerosis. 2014;233(1):219\u201323.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2060_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/357304","volume":"28","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2010","unstructured":"Srivastava A, et al. Effect of genetic variant (rs11887534) in ABCG8 gene in coronary artery disease and response to atorvastatin therapy. Dis Markers. 2010;28(5):307\u201313.","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"6","key":"2060_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01907.x","volume":"29","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2009","unstructured":"Srivastava A, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the ABCG8 transporter gene is associated with gallbladder cancer susceptibility. Liver Int. 2009;29(6):831\u20137.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2060_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26009","volume":"57","author":"O Von Kampen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Von Kampen O, et al. Genetic and functional identification of the likely causative variant for cholesterol gallstone disease at the ABCG5\/8 lithogenic locus. Hepatology. 2013;57(6):2407\u201317.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2060_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-008-0310-2","volume":"53","author":"Z-C Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen Z-C, et al. Significant association of ABCG8: D19H gene polymorphism with hypercholesterolemia and insulin resistance. J Hum Genet. 2008;53(8):757\u201363.","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2060_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216001","volume":"110","author":"L Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu L, et al. Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol. J Clin Investig. 2002;110(5):671\u201380.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"7","key":"2060_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-005-0006-2","volume":"16","author":"H Wittenburg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wittenburg H, et al. Association of a lithogenic Abcg5\/Abcg8 allele on Chromosome 17 (Lith9) with cholesterol gallstone formation in PERA\/EiJ mice. Mamm Genome. 2005;16(7):495\u2013504.","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"6","key":"2060_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.05.004","volume":"20","author":"EA Shaffer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(6):981\u201396.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR45","first-page":"B5438","volume":"65","author":"DM Shabanzadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shabanzadeh DM. New determinants for gallstone disease. Dan Med J. 2018;65(2):B5438.","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2060_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1182583","volume":"51","author":"DM Shabanzadeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shabanzadeh DM, S\u00f8rensen LT, J\u00f8rgensen T. Determinants for gallstone formation\u2013a new data cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51(10):1239\u201348.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.140","volume":"95","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y, Kong J, Wu S. Cholesterol gallstone disease: focusing on the role of gallbladder. Lab Invest. 2015;95(2):124\u201331.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2060_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang HH et al., New insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of estrogen on cholesterol gallstone formation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2009. 1791(11): 1037\u201347.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.06.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"2060_CR49","first-page":"410","volume":"83","author":"ML Uhler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Uhler ML, et al. Comparison of the impact of transdermal versus oral estrogens on biliary markers of gallstone formation in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(2):410\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2060_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121490","volume":"185","author":"A Racine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Racine A, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cholecystectomy: a prospective study based on the French E3N cohort. CMAJ. 2013;185(7):555\u201361.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.858180","volume":"49","author":"C Nordenvall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nordenvall C, et al. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of cholecystectomy: a prospective cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;49(1):109\u201313.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2060_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12391","volume":"5","author":"DM Shabanzadeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shabanzadeh DM, et al. Are incident gallstones associated to sex-dependent changes with age? A cohort study. Andrology. 2017;5(5):931\u20138.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0678-6","volume":"17","author":"JC Figueiredo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Figueiredo JC, et al. Sex and ethnic\/racial-specific risk factors for gallbladder disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2060_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-007-9068-4","volume":"17","author":"P-L Liew","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liew P-L, et al. Gallbladder disease among obese patients in Taiwan. Obes Surg. 2007;17(3):383\u201390.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000078740","volume":"22","author":"C-M Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu C-M, et al. A community-based epidemiologic study on gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen, Taiwan. Dig Dis. 2004;22(1):87\u201391.","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"28","key":"2060_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4536","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i28.4536","volume":"12","author":"T-H Tung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tung T-H, et al. A population-based follow-up study on gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen, Taiwan. World J Gastroenterol WJG. 2006;12(28):4536.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol WJG"},{"issue":"5","key":"2060_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.12.002","volume":"19","author":"L Hou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hou L, et al. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in Chinese women. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19(5):344\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"34","key":"2060_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5282","volume":"14","author":"D Festi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Festi D, et al. Incidence of gallstone disease in Italy: results from a multicenter, population-based Italian study (the MICOL project). World J Gastroenterol WJG. 2008;14(34):5282.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol WJG"},{"issue":"8","key":"2060_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2011.00317.x","volume":"13","author":"P Videhult","year":"2011","unstructured":"Videhult P, et al. Are liver function tests, pancreatitis and cholecystitis predictors of common bile duct stones? Results of a prospective, population-based, cohort study of 1171 patients undergoing cholecystectomy. HPB. 2011;13(8):519\u201327.","journal-title":"HPB"},{"issue":"1","key":"2060_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1184-3","volume":"19","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, et al. Serum lipid levels are the risk factors of gallbladder stones: a population-based study in China. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2060_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03884.x","volume":"96","author":"CZ Chuang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chuang CZ, et al. Physical activity, biliary lipids, and gallstones in obese subjects. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(6):1860\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2060_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13531","volume":"32","author":"DM Shabanzadeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shabanzadeh DM, S\u00f8rensen LT, J\u00f8rgensen T. Determinants for clinical events in gallstone carriers unaware of their gallstones. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32(3):721\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2060_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2005.04.002","volume":"41","author":"KL Storti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Storti KL, et al. Physical activity and decreased risk of clinical gallstone disease among post-menopausal women. Prev Med. 2005;41(3\u20134):772\u20137.","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-021-02060-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-021-02060-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-021-02060-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T03:38:03Z","timestamp":1699933083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-021-02060-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-021-02060-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University (CS2-21005). Taiwan Biobank participants had provided written informed consent during enrollment. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"468"}}