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In the current study, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, a Gallstone Standard Library (GSL) and a Gallstone Real Patients\u2019 Library (GRPL) were developed and validated for gallstone composition analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Pure standards (cholesterol, calcium carbonate, bilirubin and bile salts) and gallstone specimens were analyzed using FTIR Nicolet iS-5 Spectrometer from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Thermo Scientific\u2122 QCheck\u2122 algorithm, embedded within the OMNIC\u2122 software, was used to identify the unique spectral fingerprint of the patient samples to match with known, standard material. Matching of\u2009&gt;\u200975% was considered acceptable. Validation for accuracy of the library was performed for twenty analyzed gallstones at an international reference lab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concerted search analysis was performed against the developed GSL consisting of 71 \u201cpure component\u201d spectrum divided into 5 types to generate the library. For the Gallstone Real Patient Library (GRPL), 117 patient samples were analyzed. Ninety-eight gall stones (83.8%) out of 117 stones matched with the developed GSL. Majority stones were mixed stones (95.92%), with cholesterol being the primary component (91.83%). Results of the developed library were 100% in agreement with the reports received from the external reference lab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The library developed displayed good consistency and can be used for detection of gallstone composition in Pakistan and replace the traditional labor- and time-intensive chemical method of gallstone analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02227-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T14:03:42Z","timestamp":1648476222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development and validation of standard and real patient gallstone library using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Jafri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abbas","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humera","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farooq","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibtain","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysha Habib","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2227_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2008.074","volume":"46","author":"E-H Yoo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoo E-H, Oh H-J, Lee S-Y. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was carried out on stored human samples. No patient related clinical information data was obtained. Permission was obtained from the Aga Khan University\u2019s Ethics Review Committee (2020\u20135796-15110) explaining that this was retrospective work on stored human samples and the patients will not be identified or contacted.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests."}}],"article-number":"146"}}