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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, side effects, and microbiome changes following FMT in Japanese IBS patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seventeen Japanese patients with refractory IBS received FMT (4 donors) under colonoscopy. Responders were defined by an improvement in the IBS severity index (IBS-SI) of 50 points or more after 12\u00a0weeks. We evaluated the IBS-SI and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) and compared the diversity and microbiome before and 12\u00a0weeks after FMT. For the microbiome, we analyzed the V3\u2013V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IBS-SI decreased an average of 115.58 points after 12\u00a0weeks, and 10 patients (58.8%) were considered responders. Eight patients with diarrhea (66.7%) and three patients with constipation (60.0%) showed improvement in the BSFS. Two patients complained of mild abdominal pain, but there were no cases with severe side-effects. \u03b1-diversity was increased only in the responder group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). Patients who closely paralleled the donor microbiome had a higher rate of IBS-SI improvement. The relative abundance of <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> increased and <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Delftia<\/jats:italic> were decreased in the responder group after FMT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Following FMT, about 60% of Japanese patients with IBS showed improvement in both the IBS-SI and BSFS, without severe side effects. Increased \u03b1-diversity and similarity to the donor microbiome after FMT may be associated with better treatment effects.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration:<\/jats:italic> This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registration (UMIN000026363). Registered 31 May 2017, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/rctportal.niph.go.jp\/s\/detail\/um?trial_id=UMIN000026363\">https:\/\/rctportal.niph.go.jp\/s\/detail\/um?trial_id=UMIN000026363<\/jats:ext-link>. The study was registered prospectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02408-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T13:03:50Z","timestamp":1657803830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a single-center prospective study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"umin000026363","registry":"10.18810\/umin-japan"}],"author":[{"given":"Motonobu","family":"Hamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsunaki","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Furune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Kakushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eizaburo","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanao","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Fujishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7621","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i25.7621","volume":"21","author":"M El-Salhy","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Salhy M. 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