{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T08:07:22Z","timestamp":1778400442580,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children\u2019s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CF patients experience several episodes of pulmonary exacerbations and reduction in their lung function progressively. Lung function is not the only diagnostic index by physicians to decide if CF patients require antibiotic therapy following pulmonary exacerbations. Non-invasive fecal indicators are increasingly being used to assess intestinal inflammation. Calprotectin is the most extensively utilized fecal biomarker in recent CF researches.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this longitudinal study, 30 CF patients (1\u201318\u00a0years) without current infectious gastroenteritis were recruited from Mofid Children's Hospital and Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Then, fecal calprotectin levels were evaluated before treatment, two weeks after systemic antibiotic administration, as well as recurrence of pulmonary exacerbation after first post-hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The initial fecal calprotectin level in CF patients receiving antibiotics was 651.13\u2009\u00b1\u2009671.04, significantly decreasing two weeks after antibiotic therapy and following recurrence (171.81\u2009\u00b1\u2009224.40, 607.93\u2009\u00b1\u2009549.89, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Following systemic antibiotic treatment, the patient's respiratory and GI symptoms improved (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings revealed that fecal calprotectin modifications are associated with CF pulmonary exacerbations and antibiotic treatment could reduce calprotectin levels. Therefore, the fecal calprotectin level could be considered as a diagnostic tool and an index to follow the response to treatment in CF pulmonary exacerbations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02553-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T18:06:03Z","timestamp":1669658763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The association of fecal calprotectin and respiratory exacerbation in cystic fibrosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0223-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Imanzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2750-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Kerami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-0599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Hassanzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8103-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-9114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Hajipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghamartaj","family":"Khanbabaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naghi","family":"Dara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3353-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katayoun","family":"Khatami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4631-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazanin","family":"Farahbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8720-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliakbar","family":"Sayyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2553_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2018.02.003","volume":"17","author":"J Wagener","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagener J, Williams MJ, Millar SJ, et al. 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Informed consent was obtained from each subject and\/or caregiver(s). We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations by including a statement in the declaration section to this effect.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Declaration of competing interest, no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest for any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"494"}}