{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:44:36Z","timestamp":1782542676618,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Invasive gastrointestinal surgery may be performed as an open or endoscopic procedure, such as laparoscopic semi-colon surgery, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic gastrectomy, and anal surgery, among other such operations. Regardless of the approach, the operative procedure interferes with the patient\u2019s gastrointestinal tract, necessitating the rational use of prophylactic antibiotics to improve treatment outcomes and minimize postoperative infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the prophylactic and postoperative antibiotic usage in patients who underwent invasive gastrointestinal surgery, and to identify factors associated with postoperative infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 112 patients who underwent invasive gastrointestinal surgery at the Department of Gastroenterology, Thong Nhat Hospital. We conducted a cross-sectional study in all inpatients aged 18\u00a0years and older, who underwent invasive gastrointestinal surgery between January 2020 and December 2020. We recorded patient characteristics, the administration and appropriateness of antibiotics, as well as treatment outcomes. The appropriateness of prophylactic and postoperative antibiotic usage was assessed based on 2015 Vietnamese national guideline for antibiotic use. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with postoperative infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients\u2019 mean age was 59.7\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2\u00a0years. Most surgeries (89.3%) were clean-contaminated procedures. The rates of appropriate types of antibiotics selected, doses, and overall rates of appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis were 68.0%, 76.4% and 54.7%, respectively. Of the patients investigated, 34.8% had at least one sign of postoperative infection; the overall appropriate rate of postoperative antibiotic was 38.5%. Old age was associated with postoperative infection and longer length of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Implementation of the guidelines recommended for the prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibiotics is essential to improve treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02587-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T09:29:15Z","timestamp":1669195755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antibiotic use in gastrointestinal surgery patients at a Vietnamese national hospital"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Huyen Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh Thi Huong","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam Van","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien Thi Thu","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thong Duy","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.139","volume":"14","author":"K Guyton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guyton K, Alverdy JC. The gut microbiota and gastrointestinal surgery. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(1):43\u201354.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-011-0782-y","volume":"396","author":"M Grade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grade M, Quintel M, Ghadimi BM. Standard perioperative management in gastrointestinal surgery. Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg. 2011;396(5):591\u2013606.","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18614","volume":"313","author":"RP Merkow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merkow RP, Ju MH, Chung JW, Hall BL, Cohen ME, Williams MV, et al. Underlying reasons associated with hospital readmission following surgery in the United States. JAMA. 2015;313(5):483\u201395.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2587_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1086\/676022","volume":"35","author":"DJ Anderson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anderson DJ, Podgorny K, Berr\u00edos-Torres SI, et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35(6):605\u201327.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2587_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1086\/673443","volume":"34","author":"SS Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis SS, Moehring RW, Chen LF, et al. Assessing the relative burden of hospital-acquired infections in a network of community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(11):1229\u201330.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2587_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.10.001","volume":"37","author":"JR Edwards","year":"2009","unstructured":"Edwards JR, Peterson KD, Mu Y, Banerjee S, Allen-Bridson K, Morrell G, et al. National Healthcare Safety Network. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report: data summary for 2006 through 2008, issued December 2009. Am J Infect Control. 2009;37(10):783\u2013805.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"2587_CR7","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of Vietnam. Guidelines for antibiotic use (in Vietnamese). Hanoi Medical Publishing House; 2015."},{"issue":"5","key":"2587_CR8","first-page":"585","volume":"83","author":"AR Salkind","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salkind AR, Kavitha CR. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(5):585\u201390.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"2587_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","volume":"152","author":"SI Berr\u00edos-Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berr\u00edos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al. Centers for disease control and prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(8):784\u201391.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2587_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.s1-19","volume":"7","author":"JA Urban","year":"2006","unstructured":"Urban JA. Cost analysis of surgical site infections. Surg Infect. 2006;7(1):19\u201322.","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"13","key":"2587_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bcde61","volume":"35","author":"AFP Pull ter Gunne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pull ter Gunne AFP, Mohamed AS, Skolasky RL, Van Laarhoven CJHM, Cohen DB. The presentation, incidence, etiology, and treatment of surgical site infections after spinal surgery. Spine. 2010;35(13):1323\u20138.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2587_CR12","unstructured":"Deverick JA, Sexton DJ. Overview of control measures for prevention of surgical site infection in adults. Uptodate. Available at: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/overview-of-control-measures-for-prevention-of-surgical-site-infection-in-adults. Accessed 31 July 2020"},{"key":"2587_CR13","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN). Surveillance for SSI Events 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf"},{"key":"2587_CR14","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health, Vietnamese national guideline for antibiotic use. Ha Noi Medical Publishing House; 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"2587_CR15","first-page":"247","volume":"20","author":"AJ Mangram","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection. Am J Infect Control. 1999;20(4):247\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"2587_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.004818","volume":"62","author":"A Alkaaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkaaki A, Al-Radi OO, Khoja A, Alnawawi A, Alnawawi A, Maghrabi A, et al. Surgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study. Can J Surg. 2019;62(2):111\u20137.","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2587_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2008.02.005","volume":"18","author":"S Malavaud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malavaud S, Bonnet E, Atallah F, El Farsaoui R, Roze J, Mazerolles M, et al. Evaluation of clinical practice: audit of prophylactic antibiotics in urology. Prog Urol. 2008;18(6):395\u2013401.","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2587_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.11.016","volume":"40","author":"P Durando","year":"2012","unstructured":"Durando P, Bassetti M, Orengo G, Crimi P, Battistini A, Bellina D, et al. Adherence to international and national recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections in Italy: results from an observational prospective study in elective surgery. Am J Infect Control. 2012;40(10):969\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"2587_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.189","volume":"14","author":"S Pittalis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pittalis S, Ferraro F, Piselli P, Ruscitti LE, Grilli E, Lanini S, et al. Appropriateness of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in the Latium region of Italy 2008: a multicenter study. Surg Infect. 2013;14(4):381\u20134.","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2587_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.9999","volume":"14","author":"DW Bratzler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Surg Infect. 2013;14(1):73\u2013156.","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"2587_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.06.004","volume":"19","author":"M Gouv\u00eaa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gouv\u00eaa M, Novaes CDO, Pereira DMT, Iglesias AC. Adherence to guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis: a review. Braz J Infect Dis. 2015;19:517\u201324.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2587_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.05.024","volume":"217","author":"CG Koch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koch CG, Li L, Hixson E, Tang A, Gordon S, Longworth D, et al. Is it time to refine? An exploration and simulation of optimal antibiotic timing in general surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;217(4):628\u201335.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2587_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31816c3fec","volume":"247","author":"WP Weber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weber WP, Marti WR, Zwahlen M, Misteli H, Rosenthal R, Reck S, et al. The timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Ann Surg. 2008;247(6):918\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2587_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181ad5fca","volume":"250","author":"JP Steinberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steinberg JP, Braun BI, Hellinger WC, Kusek L, Bozikis MR, Bush AJ, et al. Timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infections: results from the Trial to Reduce antimicrobial prophylaxis Errors. Ann Surg. 2009;250(1):10\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2587_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj4807-560","volume":"48","author":"WJ Goede","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goede WJ, Lovely JK, Thompson RL, Cima RR. Assessment of prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with surgical site infections. Hosp Pharm. 2013;48(7):560\u20137.","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"2587_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.10.1.1","volume":"10","author":"M Nishida","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nishida M, Murakawa T, Kamimura T, Okada N, Sakamoto H, Fukada S, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ceftezole, a new cephalosporin derivative. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976;10(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"2587_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.03.022","volume":"204","author":"L Neumayer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neumayer L, Hosokawa P, Itani K, El-Tamer M, Henderson WG, Khuri SF. Multivariable predictors of postoperative surgical site infection after general and vascular surgery: results from the patient safety in surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204(6):1178\u201387.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2587_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1086\/428626","volume":"191","author":"KS Kaye","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaye KS, Schmit K, Pieper C, Sloane R, Caughlan KF, Sexton DJ, et al. The effect of increasing age on the risk of surgical site infection. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(7):1056\u201362.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2587_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20529","volume":"22","author":"CD Still","year":"2014","unstructured":"Still CD, Wood GC, Chu X, Manney C, Strodel W, Petrick A, et al. Clinical factors associated with weight loss outcomes after Roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery. Obesity. 2014;22(3):888\u201394.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"5","key":"2587_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30101-4","volume":"18","author":"A Bhangu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhangu A, et al. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(5):516\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2587_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.03.017","volume":"240","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Z, et al. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in China: a multicenter prospective study. J Surg Res. 2019;240:206\u201318.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2587_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2014.06.002","volume":"50","author":"T Jakobson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jakobson T, Karjagin J, Vipp L, et al. Postoperative complications and mortality after major gastrointestinal surgery. Medicina. 2014;50(2):111\u20137.","journal-title":"Medicina"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02587-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02587-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02587-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T09:30:56Z","timestamp":1669195856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02587-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02587-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ethics approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Thong Nhat Hospital. IRB number: 110\/2020\/BVTN-HDYD (Vietnam). The need for informed consent was waived by the Ethics committee of Thong Nhat Hospital, because of the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"480"}}