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We have previously shown that interleukin-1beta (IL-1\u03b2) is related to the effectiveness of IFN-\u03b1 treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The aim was to investigate the expression of IL-1\u03b2 in CHB patients treated with Peg-IFN-\u03b1 combination with TDF and TDF\/Peg-IFN-\u03b1\u00a0monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Huh7 cells infected with HBV were stimulated by Peg-IFN-\u03b1 and\/or Tenofovir (TFV) for 24h. A single-center cohort study of prospective recruitment of CHB patients: untreated CHB (Group A), TDF combined with Peg-IFN-\u03b1 therapy (Group B), Peg-IFN-\u03b1 monotherapy (Group C), TDF monotherapy (Group D). Normal donors served as controls. The clinical datas and blood of patients were collected at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. According to the early response criteria, Group B and C were divided into two subgroups: the early response group (ERG) and the non-early response group (NERG). Stimulation of HBV-infected hepatoma cells with IL-1\u03b2 to validate the antiviral activity of IL-1\u03b2. To test the blood sample, cell culture supernatant, and cell lysates and to assess the expression of IL-1\u03b2 and HBV replication levels in various treatment protocols, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used. SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software were used for statistical analysis. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered to be statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In vitro experiments, Peg-IFN-\u03b1 plus TFV treatment group expressed higher IL-1\u03b2 and inhibited HBV more effectively than monotherapy. Finally, 162 cases were enrolled for observation (Group A (n\u2009=\u200945), Group B (n\u2009=\u200946), Group C (n\u2009=\u200939), and Group D (n\u2009=\u200932)), and normal donors (n\u2009=\u200920) were enrolled for control. The early virological response rates of Group B, C, and D were 58.7%, 51.3%, and 31.2%. At 24 weeks, IL-1\u03b2 in Group B(P\u2009=\u20090.007) and C(P\u2009=\u20090.034) showed higher than at 0 week. In Group B, the IL-1\u03b2 showed an upward trend at 12w and 24w in the ERG. IL-1\u03b2 significantly reduced HBV replication levels in hepatoma cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The increased expression of IL-1\u03b2 may enhance the efficacy of TDF combined with Peg-IFN-\u03b1 therapy in achieving an early response for CHB patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02812-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T08:02:43Z","timestamp":1684483363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The expression of interleukin-1\u03b2 in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with pegylated-interferon-alpha combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guili","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30056-6","volume":"3","author":"C Polaris Observatory","year":"2018","unstructured":"Polaris Observatory C. 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