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This study aimed to investigate the laboratory risk factors for the coexistence of PBC in patients with SS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-two patients with coexistent SS and PBC (median age 52.50 years) and 82 age- and sex-matched SS controls were retrospectively enrolled between July 2015 and July 2021. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two groups were compared. Laboratory risk factors for the coexistence of PBC in patients with SS were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups had a similar prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, and interstitial lung disease. Compared with the SS group, patients in the SS\u2009+\u2009PBC group had higher levels of liver enzymes, immunoglobulins M (IgM), G2, and G3 (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The percentage of patients with an antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre\u2009&gt;\u20091:10000 in the SS\u2009+\u2009PBC group was 56.1%, higher than that in the SS group (19.5%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, cytoplasmic, centromeric, and nuclear membranous patterns of ANA and positive anti-centromere antibody (ACA) were observed more frequently in the SS\u2009+\u2009PBC group (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated IgM levels, high ANA titre, cytoplasmic pattern, and ACA were independent risk factors for PBC coexistence in SS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to established risk factors, elevated IgM levels, positive ACA, and high ANA titre with cytoplasmic pattern provide clues to clinicians for the early screening and diagnosis of PBC in patients with SS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02859-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T08:04:02Z","timestamp":1687766642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Laboratory risk factors for coexistent primary biliary cholangitis in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengfan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.10.004","volume":"65","author":"O Bjordal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bjordal O, Norheim KB, R\u00f8dahl E, Jonsson R, Omdal R. 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Clin Exp Immunol. 2021;203:22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.13512.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02859-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02859-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02859-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T08:06:12Z","timestamp":1687766772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02859-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02859-4","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"uri","id":"","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2432904\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines and was approved by the appropriate institutional review boards (Ethics Committee of Xijing Hospital, number: KY20212107-F-1). The data used in this study were obtained from the Chinese Rheumatology Cohort Database of the Department of Clinical Immunology in our hospital, and informed consent was obtained from the patients when their data were enrolled in the database.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}