{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:59:58Z","timestamp":1793102398176,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallstone disease poses a significant health burden in the United States. Choledocholithiasis and cholangitis are common complications of gallstone disease for which data on current epidemiological trends are lacking. We aimed to evaluate temporal changes in hospitalization, management, and outcomes for patients with choledocholithiasis and cholangitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify discharges for choledocholithiasis and cholangitis between 2005 and 2014. Temporal trends were evaluated via annual percent changes (APCs). Joinpoint regression was used to assess inflection points. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate associations of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 189,362 unweighted discharges for choledocholithiasis and\/or cholangitis, there was an increase in discharges for choledocholithiasis (APC 2.3%, 95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.9\u20132.7%) and cholangitis (APC 1.5%, 95% CI 0.7\u20132.2%). Procedural interventions were more likely at urban hospitals for choledocholithiasis (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 2.94, 95% CI 2.72 to 3.17) and cholangitis (aOR 2.97, 95% CI 2.50 to 3.54). In-hospital mortality significantly decreased annually for choledocholithiasis (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93) and cholangitis (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.97). In-hospital mortality between rural and urban centers was comparable for choledocholithiasis (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.52) and cholangitis (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.72).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalizations for choledocholithiasis and cholangitis have increased between 2005 and 2014, reflecting a growing burden of gallstone disease. Hospital mortality between urban and rural centers is similar, however urban centers have a higher rate of procedural interventions suggesting limitations to accessing procedural interventions at rural centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02868-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T05:02:26Z","timestamp":1690434146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Epidemiology and outcomes of choledocholithiasis and cholangitis in the United States: trends and urban-rural variations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Suqing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Guizzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Aziz","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijah","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nauzer","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v9.i1.1","volume":"9","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed M. Acute cholangitis - an update. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2018;9(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2868_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.10.001","volume":"89","author":"JL Buxbaum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buxbaum JL, Abbas Fehmi SM, Sultan S, Fishman DS, Qumseya BJ, Cortessis VK, et al. ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the evaluation and management of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;89(6):1075\u2013105e15.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.017","volume":"162","author":"AF Peery","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, Jensen ET, Kim HP, Egberg MD, et al. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2021. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(2):621\u201344.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2868_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.06.033","volume":"72","author":"JL Frossard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frossard JL, Morel PM. Detection and management of bile duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72(4):808\u201316.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"09","key":"2868_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010576","volume":"24","author":"H Neuhaus","year":"1992","unstructured":"Neuhaus H, Feussner H, Ungeheuer A, Hoffmann W, Siewert JR, Classen M. Prospective evaluation of the Use of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopy. 1992;24(09):745\u20139.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"9","key":"2868_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1980.01380090080019","volume":"115","author":"F Lacaine","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lacaine F, Corlette MB, Bismuth H. Preoperative evaluation of the risk of common bile Duct Stones. Arch Surg. 1980;115(9):1114\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.12.032","volume":"94","author":"JL Buxbaum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buxbaum JL, Buitrago C, Lee A, Elmunzer BJ, Riaz A, Ceppa EP, et al. ASGE guideline on the management of cholangitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021;94(2):207\u201321e14.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"24","key":"2868_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199206113262401","volume":"326","author":"EC Lai","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lai EC, Mok FP, Tan ES, Lo CM, Fan ST, You KT, et al. Endoscopic biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(24):1582\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2868_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09662-4","volume":"36","author":"L Boni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boni L, Huo B, Alberici L, Ricci C, Tsokani S, Mavridis D, et al. EAES rapid guideline: updated systematic review, network meta-analysis, CINeMA and GRADE assessment, and evidence-informed european recommendations on the management of common bile duct stones. Surg Endosc. 2022;36(11):7863\u201376.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2009.226","volume":"145","author":"SJ Rogers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rogers SJ, Cello JP, Horn JK, Siperstein AE, Schecter WP, Campbell AR, et al. Prospective randomized trial of LC + LCBDE vs ERCP\/S + LC for common bile duct stone disease. Arch Surg. 2010;145(1):28\u201333.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2020.425","volume":"36","author":"CH Oh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oh CH, Dong SH. Recent advances in the management of difficult bile-duct stones: a focus on single-operator cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy. Korean J Intern Med. 2021;36(2):235\u201346.","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.509","volume":"25","author":"F Miura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miura F, Okamoto K, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Asbun HJ, Pitt HA, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: initial management of acute biliary infection and flowchart for acute cholangitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25(1):31\u201340.","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.05.031","volume":"173","author":"J Shelton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shelton J, Kummerow K, Phillips S, Griffin M, Holzman MD, Nealon W, et al. An urban-rural blight? Choledocholithiasis presentation and treatment. J Surg Res. 2012;173(2):193\u20137.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.03.040","volume":"170","author":"BK Poulose","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poulose BK, Phillips S, Nealon W, Shelton J, Kummerow K, Penson D, et al. Choledocholithiasis management in rural America: health disparity or health opportunity? J Surg Res. 2011;170(2):214\u20139.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4273-z","volume":"30","author":"RB Baucom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baucom RB, Feurer ID, Shelton JS, Kummerow K, Holzman MD, Poulose BK. Surgeons, ERCP, and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration: do we need a standard approach for common bile duct stones? Surg Endosc. 2016;30(2):414\u201323.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2868_CR16","unstructured":"Using AHRRDE, the HCUP National Inpatient Sample to Estimate Trends. 2015. In: HCUP Methods Series Report #2006-05 [Internet]. U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."},{"issue":"3","key":"2868_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"19","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med. 2000;19(3):335\u201351.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.063","volume":"156","author":"AF Peery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, Lund JL, Dellon ES, Williams JL, et al. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2018. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(1):254\u201372e11.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2868_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unalp-Arida A, Ruhl C. The Burden of Gallstone Disease in the United States Population. medRxiv. 2022. 2022.07.08.22277386.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.07.08.22277386"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2012.6.2.172","volume":"6","author":"LM Stinton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stinton LM, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012;6(2):172\u201387.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"2868_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Guizzetti L, Ma C, Shaheen AA, Dixon E, Ball C et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of symptomatic cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in the USA: Trends and Urban-Rural Variations. J Gastrointest Surg. 2023.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-023-05604-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"2868_CR22","first-page":"1673","volume":"61","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Cheung RC, Keeffe EB. Management of gallstones and their complications. Am Family Phys. 2000;61(6):1673\u201380. 87 \u2013 8.","journal-title":"Am Family Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"2868_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2015.07.008","volume":"18","author":"A Copelan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Copelan A, Kapoor BS, Choledocholithiasis. Diagnosis and management. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;18(4):244\u201355.","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2868_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417821","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/417821","volume":"2012","author":"JH Oak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oak JH, Paik CN, Chung WC, Lee K-M, Yang JM. Risk factors for recurrence of symptomatic common bile Duct Stones after Cholecystectomy. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:417821.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-36401","volume":"35","author":"EJ Chung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chung EJ, Kim MH, Lee SS, Lee SK. Primary vs. secondary common bile duct stones: apples and oranges. Endoscopy. 2003;35(1):92. author reply 3.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2868_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng R, Zhang T, Kayani MuR, Wang Z, Shen Y, Su KL et al. Patients with primary and secondary bile Duct Stones Harbor distinct biliary microbial composition and metabolic potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.881489"},{"issue":"4","key":"2868_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9941.158156","volume":"11","author":"P Chowbey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chowbey P, Sharma A, Goswami A, Afaque Y, Najma K, Baijal M, et al. Residual gallbladder stones after cholecystectomy: a literature review. J Minim Access Surg. 2015;11(4):223\u201330.","journal-title":"J Minim Access Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2868_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.11.004","volume":"167","author":"AF Sabour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabour AF, Matsushima K, Love BE, Alicuben ET, Schellenberg MA, Inaba K, et al. Nationwide trends in the use of subtotal cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Surgery. 2020;167(3):569\u201374.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2868_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sopen.2020.07.004","volume":"3","author":"E Donnellan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Donnellan E, Coulter J, Mathew C, Choynowski M, Flanagan L, Bucholc M, et al. A meta-analysis of the use of intraoperative cholangiography; time to revisit our approach to cholecystectomy? Surg Open Sci. 2021;3:8\u201315.","journal-title":"Surg Open Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5719-2","volume":"32","author":"MS Altieri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Altieri MS, Yang J, Obeid N, Zhu C, Talamini M, Pryor A. Increasing bile duct injury and decreasing utilization of intraoperative cholangiogram and common bile duct exploration over 14 years: an analysis of outcomes in New York State. Surg Endosc. 2018;32(2):667\u201374.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2868_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.249","volume":"149","author":"M M\u00f6ller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller M, Gustafsson U, Rasmussen F, Persson G, Thorell A. Natural course vs interventions to clear common bile Duct Stones: data from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone surgery and endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks). JAMA Surg. 2014;149(10):1008\u201313.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01612-7","volume":"55","author":"R Hakuta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hakuta R, Hamada T, Nakai Y, Oyama H, Kanai S, Suzuki T, et al. Natural history of asymptomatic bile duct stones and association of endoscopic treatment with clinical outcomes. J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(1):78\u201385.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1224382","volume":"52","author":"JS Cai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cai JS, Qiang S, Bao-Bing Y. Advances of recurrent risk factors and management of choledocholithiasis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(1):34\u201343.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71731-2","volume":"10","author":"Y Al-Habbal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Habbal Y, Reid I, Tiang T, Houli N, Lai B, McQuillan T, et al. Retrospective comparative analysis of choledochoscopic bile duct exploration versus ERCP for bile duct stones. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14736.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2868_CR35","unstructured":"Hall MJ, Owings M. Rural and urban hospitals\u2019 role in providing inpatient care, 2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2014(147):1\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR36","first-page":"55","volume":"16","author":"E Touzin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Touzin E, Decker C, Kelly L, Minty B. Gallbladder disease in northwestern Ontario: the case for Canada\u2019s first rural ERCP program. Can J Rural Med. 2011;16(2):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Can J Rural Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2868_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2059","volume":"151","author":"MW Wandling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wandling MW, Hungness ES, Pavey ES, Stulberg JJ, Schwab B, Yang AD, et al. Nationwide Assessment of Trends in Choledocholithiasis Management in the United States from 1998 to 2013. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(12):1125\u201330.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2868_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2009.226","volume":"145","author":"SJ Rogers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rogers SJ, Cello JP, Horn JK, Siperstein AE, Schecter WP, Campbell AR, et al. Prospective randomized trial of LC + LCBDE vs ERCP\/S + LC for common bile Duct Stone Disease. Arch Surg. 2010;145(1):28\u201333.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2868_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2767-5","volume":"27","author":"G Berci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berci G, Hunter J, Morgenstern L, Arregui M, Brunt M, Carroll B, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: first, do no harm; second, take care of bile duct stones. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(4):1051\u20134.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2868_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.02.032","volume":"220","author":"RL Warner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warner RL, Coleman KC, Musgrove KA, Bardes JM, Borgstrom DC, Grabo DJ. A review of general surgery resident experience in common bile duct exploration in the ERCP era. Am J Surg. 2020;220(4):899\u2013904.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2868_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-08003-7","volume":"35","author":"RAJ Campagna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campagna RAJ, Belette AM, Holmstrom AL, Halverson AL, Santos BF, Hungness ES, et al. Addressing the gap in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration training for rural surgeons: imparting procedural ability is not enough. Surg Endosc. 2021;35(9):5140\u20136.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2868_CR42","first-page":"35","volume":"113","author":"A Abbas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbas A, Sethi S, Vidyarthi G, Taunk P. Predictors of Post ERCP Pancreatitis: analysis of more than half a million ERCPs performed Nationwide over the last 15 years: 57. Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG. 2018;113:35.","journal-title":"Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG"},{"key":"2868_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201810001-00056","volume":"113","author":"A Abbas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbas A, Sethi S, Vidyarthi G, Taunk P. Training level (July Effect) and the risk of Post-ERCP pancreatitis: a nationwide analysis of more than half a million ERCP procedures: 56. Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG. 2018;113:34.","journal-title":"Official J Am Coll Gastroenterol | ACG"},{"issue":"6","key":"2868_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-004-8945-3","volume":"19","author":"AM Carbonell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carbonell AM, Lincourt AE, Kercher KW, Matthews BD, Cobb WS, Sing RF, et al. Do patient or hospital demographics predict cholecystectomy outcomes? A nationwide study of 93,578 patients. Surg Endoscopy Other Interventional Techniques. 2005;19(6):767\u201373.","journal-title":"Surg Endoscopy Other Interventional Techniques"},{"issue":"04","key":"2868_CR45","first-page":"357","volume":"53","author":"HR Mutneja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mutneja HR, Vohra I, Go A, Bhurwal A, Katiyar V, Palomera Tejeda E, et al. Temporal trends and mortality of post-ERCP pancreatitis in the United States: a nationwide analysis. Endoscopy. 2020;53(04):357\u201366.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2868_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000494248","volume":"100","author":"F Afridi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Afridi F, Rotundo L, Feurdean M, Ahlawat S. Trends in Post-Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography gastrointestinal hemorrhage, perforation and mortality from 2000 to 2012: a Nationwide Study. Digestion. 2019;100(2):100\u20138.","journal-title":"Digestion"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02868-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02868-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02868-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T05:02:36Z","timestamp":1690434156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02868-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02868-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional review board ethics approval was not required for our study as all data in this analysis are de-identified and publicly available via the National Inpatient Sample (NIS).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. S. Li, L. Guizzetti, C. Ma, A. Shaheen, E. Dixon, C. Ball, S. Wani, N. Forbes: None Declared.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"254"}}