{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:18:12Z","timestamp":1784715492043,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K17050 to KM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K17050 to KM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sedation method used during double-balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (DB-ERCP) differs among countries and\/or facilities, and there is no established method. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) sedation using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) system during DB-ERCP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study was conducted between May 2017 and December 2020 at an academic center. One hundred and fifty-six consecutive patients who underwent DB-ERCP were sedated by gastroenterologists using diazepam (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200977) or propofol with a TCI system (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200979), depending on the period. The primary endpoint was a comparison of poor sedation rates between the two groups. Poor sedation was defined as a condition requiring the use of other sedative agents or discontinuation of the procedure. Secondary endpoints were sedation-related adverse events and risk factors for poor sedation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Poor sedation occurred significantly more often in the diazepam sedation group (diazepam sedation,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912 [16%] vs. propofol sedation,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091 [1%];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Vigorous body movements (3 or 4) (diazepam sedation,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940 [52%] vs. propofol sedation,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928 [35%];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038) and hypoxemia (&lt;\u200985%) (diazepam sedation,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097 [9%] vs. propofol sedation,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091 [1%];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027) occurred significantly more often in the diazepam sedation group. In the multivariate analysis, age\u2009&lt;\u200970\u00a0years old (OR, 10.26; 95% CI, 1.57\u201366.98;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015), BMI\u2009\u2265\u200925\u00a0kg\/m2 (OR, 11.96; 95% CI, 1.67\u201385.69;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014), and propofol sedation (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01\u20130.58;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015) were associated factors for poor sedation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAAP sedation with the TCI system during DB-ERCP was safer and more effective than diazepam sedation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02936-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1693818176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The efficacy of non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol sedation with a target-controlled infusion system during double-balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Obata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Matsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosaku","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiji","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Terasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Horiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironari","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2936_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.9.971","volume":"25","author":"A Forbes","year":"1984","unstructured":"Forbes A, Cotton PB. 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Only medical record was analyzed in this study. Instead of written or verbal informed consent to participate, this study guaranteed the opportunity of participation refusal by disclose information about this study on our institution homepage (opt-out methods). The opt-out method of consent was approved by the Ethics Committee in our hospital. All participants provided written informed consent for DB-ERCP.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"296"}}