{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:42:10Z","timestamp":1790286130979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangsu Province","award":["ZT202105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZT202105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex and reproductive status differences exist in both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and body composition. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between body composition and the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD in different sex and reproductive status populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 880 patients (355 men, 417 pre-menopausal women, 108 post-menopausal women). Liver steatosis and fibrosis and body composition data were measured using FibroScan and a bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer (BIA), respectively, and the following parameters were obtained: liver stiffness measurement (LSM), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and FFM to FM ratio (FFM\/FM). Multiple ordinal logistic regression (MOLR) was used to analyze the independent correlation between body composition indicators and liver steatosis grade and fibrosis stage in different sex and menopausal status populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men had higher WC, ASM, ASMI, FFM, and FFM\/FM than pre- or post-menopausal women, while pre-menopausal women had higher PBF, VFA, and FM than the other two groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Besides, men had greater CAP and LSM values (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). For MOLR, after adjusting for confounding factors, WC (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.12; P\u2009=\u20090.011) and FFM\/FM (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31\u20130.89; P\u2009=\u20090.017) in men and visceral obesity (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.09\u201315.90; P\u2009=\u20090.037) in post-menopausal women were independently associated with liver steatosis grade. WC and visceral obesity were independently associated with liver fibrosis stage in men (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.09, P\u2009=\u20090.013; OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.97\u20137.81; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased WC and low FFM\/FM in men and visceral obesity in post-menopausal women were independent correlates of more severe liver steatosis. In addition, increased WC and visceral obesity were independent correlates of worse liver fibrosis in men. These data support the sex- and reproductive status-specific management of NAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T13:01:45Z","timestamp":1698152505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sex- and reproductive status-specific relationships between body composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yu-tian","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-hua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu-lan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-su","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu-yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi-qiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2997_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","volume":"158","author":"TG Cotter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cotter TG, Rinella M. Nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease 2020: the state of the Disease. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(7):1851\u201364.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","volume":"64","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73\u201384.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"16","key":"2997_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775","volume":"346","author":"P Angulo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Angulo P. Nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(16):1221\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2997_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30626","volume":"70","author":"A Lonardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Ballestri S, Fairweather D, Win S, Than TA, et al. Sex differences in nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease: state of the art and identification of Research Gaps. Hepatology. 2019;70(4):1457\u201369.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2997_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqaa134","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa134","volume":"161","author":"JK DiStefano","year":"2020","unstructured":"DiStefano JK. NAFLD and NASH in Postmenopausal women: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Endocrinology. 2020;161(10):bqaa134.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-3-13","volume":"3","author":"K Karastergiou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karastergiou K, Smith SR, Greenberg AS, Fried SK. Sex differences in human adipose tissues - the biology of pear shape. Biol Sex Differ. 2012;3(1):13.","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.024","volume":"14","author":"D Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim D, Chung GE, Kwak MS, Seo HB, Kang JH, Kim W, et al. Body Fat distribution and risk of Incident and regressed nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1):132\u20138e4.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.019","volume":"66","author":"BK Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo BK, Kim D, Joo SK, Kim JH, Chang MS, Kim BG, et al. Sarcopenia is an Independent risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and significant fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):123\u201331.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10384-x","volume":"16","author":"XY Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan XY, Liu WY, Zhu PW, Li G, Tang LJ, Gao F, et al. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with more severe histological features of non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease in male. Hepatol Int. 2022;16(5):1085\u201393.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05366.x","volume":"23","author":"E Ishibashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ishibashi E, Eguchi Y, Eguchi T, Matsunobu A, Oza N, Nakashita S, et al. Waist circumference correlates with hepatic fat accumulation in male Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease, but not in females. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(6):908\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2997_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00023","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000023","volume":"10","author":"A Berger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berger A, Shili S, Zuberbuhler F, Hiriart JB, Lannes A, Chermak F, et al. Liver stiffness measurement with FibroScan: use the right probe in the right conditions! Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(4):e00023.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23425","volume":"51","author":"L Castera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castera L, Foucher J, Bernard PH, Carvalho F, Allaix D, Merrouche W, et al. Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13,369 examinations. Hepatology. 2010;51(3):828\u201335.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101547","volume":"51","author":"YT Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao YT, Xiang LL, Qi F, Zhang YJ, Chen Y, Zhou XQ. Accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for assessing steatosis and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;51:101547.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2997_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300\u201307e2.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.66.987","volume":"66","author":"Examination Committee of Criteria for","year":"2002","unstructured":"Examination Committee of Criteria for. Obesity Disease\u2019 in Japan, Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for \u2018obesity Disease\u2019 in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66(11):987\u201392.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001829","volume":"28","author":"M Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang M, Kartsonaki C, Guo Y, Lv J, Gan W, Chen ZM, et al. Factors related to age at natural menopause in China: results from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Menopause. 2021;28(10):1130\u201342.","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"7","key":"2997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of Diabetes: standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):15\u2013S33.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"Joint committee for guideline revision","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joint committee for guideline revision. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2018;15(1):1\u201329.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2997_CR20","unstructured":"Herve M, Caci. \u201cKWALLIS2: Stata module to perform Kruskal-Wallis Test for equality of populations,\u201c Statistical Software Components S379201, Boston College Department of Economics, revised 20 Jun 1999. https:\/\/EconPapers.repec.org\/RePEc:boc:bocode:s379201. Accessed 16 Jan 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313154","volume":"40","author":"HS Lumish","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lumish HS, O\u2019Reilly M, Reilly MP. Sex differences in Genomic Drivers of Adipose Distribution and related Cardiometabolic disorders: opportunities for Precision Medicine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40(1):45\u201360.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2997_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.25","volume":"32","author":"JC Lovejoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lovejoy JC, Champagne CM, de Jonge L, Xie H, Smith SR. Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(6):949\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"7538","key":"2997_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14132","volume":"518","author":"D Shungin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shungin D, Winkler TW, Croteau-Chonka DC, Ferreira T, Locke AE, Magi R, et al. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. Nature. 2015;518(7538):187\u201396.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005378","volume":"11","author":"TW Winkler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Winkler TW, Justice AE, Graff M, Barata L, Feitosa MF, Chu S, et al. The influence of Age and Sex on Genetic associations with adult body size and shape: a large-scale genome-wide Interaction Study. PLoS Genet. 2015;11(10):e1005378.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003500","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003500","volume":"9","author":"JC Randall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Randall JC, Winkler TW, Kutalik Z, Berndt SI, Jackson AU, Monda KL, et al. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. PLoS Genet. 2013;9(6):e1003500.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13709","volume":"38","author":"MT Long","year":"2018","unstructured":"Long MT, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Ma J, Loomba R, et al. A simple clinical model predicts incident hepatic steatosis in a community-based cohort: the Framingham Heart Study. Liver Int. 2018;38(8):1495\u2013503.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0493","volume":"158","author":"B Vistisen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vistisen B, Hellgren LI, Vadset T, Scheede-Bergdahl C, Helge JW, Dela F, et al. Effect of gender on lipid-induced insulin resistance in obese subjects. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;158(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2997_CR28","first-page":"3424","volume":"81","author":"M Rosenbaum","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Hirsch J, Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Chu F, et al. Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(9):3424\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2997_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1074-z","volume":"46","author":"M Cnop","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cnop M, Havel PJ, Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Sinha MK, Boyko EJ, et al. Relationship of adiponectin to body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoproteins: evidence for Independent roles of age and sex. Diabetologia. 2003;46(4):459\u201369.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"2997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0282","volume":"62","author":"S Handgraaf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Handgraaf S, Riant E, Fabre A, Waget A, Burcelin R, Liere P, et al. Prevention of obesity and insulin resistance by estrogens requires ERalpha activation function-2 (ERalphaAF-2), whereas ERalphaAF-1 is dispensable. Diabetes. 2013;62(12):4098\u2013108.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1718","volume":"62","author":"L Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu L, Brown WC, Cai Q, Krust A, Chambon P, McGuinness OP, et al. Estrogen treatment after ovariectomy protects against fatty liver and may improve pathway-selective insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2013;62(2):424\u201334.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"24","key":"2997_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10874","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.47037","volume":"10","author":"M Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang M, Liu Q, Huang T, Tan W, Qu L, Chen T, et al. Dysfunction of estrogen-related receptor alpha-dependent hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to sex disparity in NAFLD\/NASH development. Theranostics. 2020;10(24):10874\u201391.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2997_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001136","volume":"25","author":"J Hallajzadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hallajzadeh J, Khoramdad M, Izadi N, Karamzad N, Almasi-Hashiani A, Ayubi E, et al. Metabolic syndrome and its components in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies. Menopause. 2018;25(10):1155\u201364.","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"3","key":"2997_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13976","volume":"33","author":"B Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang B, Zhang CG, Ji LH, Zhao G, Wu ZY. Estrogen receptor beta selective agonist ameliorates liver Cirrhosis in rats by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33(3):747\u201355.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.127","volume":"44","author":"I Shimizu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shimizu I, Mizobuchi Y, Yasuda M, Shiba M, Ma YR, Horie T, et al. Inhibitory effect of oestradiol on activation of rat hepatic stellate cells in vivo and in vitro. Gut. 1999;44(1):127\u201336.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"2997_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26761","volume":"59","author":"JD Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang JD, Abdelmalek MF, Pang H, Guy CD, Smith AD, Diehl AM, et al. Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2014;59(4):1406\u201314.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2997_CR37","first-page":"1431","volume":"30","author":"R Marcos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marcos R, Correia-Gomes C, Miranda H, Carneiro F. Liver gender dimorphism\u2013insights from quantitative morphology. Histol Histopathol. 2015;30(12):1431\u20137.","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"2997_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111491","volume":"93","author":"KJP Schwenger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwenger KJP, Kiu A, AlAli M, Alhanaee A, Fischer SE, Allard JP. Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis, mass index, and waist circumference in assessing risk for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nutrition. 2022;93:111491.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"11","key":"2997_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1756","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0615","volume":"96","author":"T McLaughlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"McLaughlin T, Lamendola C, Liu A, Abbasi F. Preferential fat deposition in subcutaneous versus visceral depots is associated with insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(11):E1756\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2997_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","volume":"24","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, Sanyal AJ. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med. 2018;24(7):908\u201322.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.11.021","volume":"38","author":"TC Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng TC, Wu LW, Chen WL, Liaw FY, Chang YW, Kao TW. Nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease and sarcopenia in a western population (NHANES III): the importance of Sarcopenia definition. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):422\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2997_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9626-4","volume":"17","author":"DJ Tomlinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tomlinson DJ, Erskine RM, Morse CI, Winwood K, Onambele-Pearson G. The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age. Biogerontology. 2016;17(3):467\u201383.","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2997_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12613","volume":"11","author":"JF Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker JF, Harris T, Rapoport A, Ziolkowski SL, Leonard MB, Long J, et al. Validation of a description of sarcopenic obesity defined as excess adiposity and low lean mass relative to adiposity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020;11(6):1580\u201389.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2997_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.009","volume":"139","author":"N Kurinami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kurinami N, Sugiyama S, Morita A, Yoshida A, Hieshima K, Miyamoto F, et al. Ratio of muscle mass to fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis is significantly correlated with liver fat accumulation in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;139:122\u201330.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2997_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12548","volume":"11","author":"YG Seo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seo YG, Song HJ, Song YR. Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020;11(3):710\u201325.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"6","key":"2997_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09996-7","volume":"13","author":"JA Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim JA, Choi KM. Sarcopenia and fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Int. 2019;13(6):674\u201387.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2997_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-021-00551-6","volume":"18","author":"H Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai H, Xiang J, Hou Y, Xuan L, Wang T, Li M, et al. Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease and fibrosis in non-obese and obese individuals. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021;18(1):21.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T15:01:31Z","timestamp":1730386891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2764567\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (2022NL-071-02). In this retrospective study, we collected data by clinic ID number rather than name to protect patient privacy. Therefore, informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interests related to this publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"364"}}