{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:13:43Z","timestamp":1772165623429,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Beijing Youan Hospital\uff0cCCMU","award":["2019 (BJYAYY-GG2019-05)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 (BJYAYY-GG2019-05)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aimed to analyze the characteristics of ultrasound images corresponding to each histological stage of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively analyzed 75 confirmed cases of PBC and used liver biopsy as the gold standard to determine the disease stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The typical ultrasound images of patients with PBC were characterized by a thickening of the portal vein wall (PVW) and periportal hypoechoic band (PHB) width with increasing histological stages, and significant increases in the left hepatic lobe diameter (LHLD) in stage II (by 64.0%) and stage III (by 69.2%). PHB width (r\u2009=\u20090.857,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), PVW thickness (r\u2009=\u20090.488,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and spleen area (r\u2009=\u20090.8774,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were positively correlated with the histological stage. Significant changes were noted in the liver surface, echo texture, and edge between different stages. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of composite indicators were 0.965 for predicting progressive PBC(\u2265\u2009stage 2), and 0.926 for predicting advanced PBC(\u2265\u2009stage 3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ultrasound imaging characteristics of patients with PBC varied according to the histological staging. LHLD, PVW thickness, and PHB width were significantly correlated with the histological stage. A combination of high- and low-frequency ultrasound imaging can provide relevant cues regarding the degree of PBC progression and important clinical reference values. The application of all the ultrasound image findings as the composite indicators can better predict progressive and advanced PBC, providing important clinical reference values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-03083-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T05:02:29Z","timestamp":1702962149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasound imaging findings in primary biliary cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fankun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3083_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02537.x","volume":"49","author":"K Hiramatsu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hiramatsu K, Aoyama H, Zen Y, Aishima S, Kitagawa S, Nakanuma Y. Proposal of a new staging and grading system of the liver for primary biliary cirrhosis. Histopathology. 2006;49:466\u201378.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"3083_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2019-205958","volume":"72","author":"T Warnes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Warnes T, Roberts S, Smith A, Haboubi N, McMahon RF. Liver biopsy in primary biliary cholangitis: is sinusoidal fibrosis the missing key? J Clin Pathol. 2019;72:669\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3083_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/75208448","volume":"78","author":"T Nishiura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nishiura T, Watanabe H, Ito M, Matsuoka Y, Yano K, Daikoku M, et al. Ultrasound evaluation of the fibrosis stage in chronic liver disease by the simultaneous use of low and high frequency probes. Br J Radiol. 2005;78:189\u201397.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"3083_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2272020193","volume":"227","author":"A Colli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Colli A, Fraquelli M, Andreoletti M, Marino B, Zuccoli E, Conte D. Severe liver fibrosis or cirrhosis: accuracy of US for detection\u2014analysis of 300 cases. Radiology. 2003;227:89\u201394.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3083_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.028","volume":"59","author":"A Berzigotti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berzigotti A, Castera L. Update on ultrasound imaging of liver fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2013;59:180\u20132.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3083_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2296-y","volume":"22","author":"JD Kova\u010d","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kova\u010d JD, Je\u0161i\u0107 R, Stanisavljevi\u0107 D, Kova\u010d B, Banko B, Seferovi\u0107 P, et al. Integrative role of MRI in the evaluation of primary biliary cirrhosis. Eur Radiol. 2012;22:688\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3083_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-67-803-1050","volume":"67","author":"SA Worthy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Worthy SA, Elliott ST, Bennett MK. Low-reflectivity periportal collar on hepatic ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 1994;67:1050\u20131.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"3083_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199907000-00012","volume":"11","author":"CF Dietrich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dietrich CF, Leuschner MS, Zeuzem S, Herrmann G, Sarrazin C, Caspary WF, et al. Peri-hepatic lymphadenopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis reflects progression of the disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;11:747\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3083_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022","volume":"67","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2017","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: the diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2017;67:145\u201372.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3083_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800","volume":"67","author":"NA Terrault","year":"2018","unstructured":"Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018;67:1560\u201399.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3083_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2000.0106","volume":"14","author":"J Ludwig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ludwig J. The pathology of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune cholangitis. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2000;14:601\u201313.","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3083_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06451-x","volume":"30","author":"H Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo H, Liao M, Jin J, Zeng J, Li S, Schroeder DR, et al. How intrahepatic cholestasis affects liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a study of 1197 patients with liver biopsy. Eur Radiol. 2020;30:1096\u2013104.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3083_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1148\/115.1.157","volume":"115","author":"T Koga","year":"1975","unstructured":"Koga T, Morikawa Y. Ultrasonographic determination of the splenic size and its clinical usefulness in various liver diseases. Radiology. 1975;115:157\u201361.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3083_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4103\/jmu.jmu_142_21","volume":"30","author":"GJ Aderibigbe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aderibigbe GJ, Agi C, Robinson ED. Triplex sonographic evaluation of portal vein indices among adults in port harcourt, Nigeria. J Med Ultrasound. 2022;30:184\u20138.","journal-title":"J Med Ultrasound"},{"key":"3083_CR15","first-page":"117","volume":"13","author":"L Shen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shen L, Li JQ, Zeng MD, Fan ST, Lu LG, Bao H, et al. Evaluation of the value of ultrasonography in diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2005;13:117\u201320.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"3083_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80140-7","volume":"27","author":"S Gaiani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gaiani S, Gramantieri L, Venturoli N, Piscaglia F, Siringo S, D\u2019Errico A, et al. What is the criterion for differentiating chronic hepatitis from compensated cirrhosis? A prospective study comparing ultrasonography and percutaneous liver biopsy. J Hepatol. 1997;27:979\u201385.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3083_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.7.355","volume":"10","author":"A Giorgio","year":"1991","unstructured":"Giorgio A, Francica G, de Stefano G, Aloisio T, Pierri P, Amoroso P, et al. Sonographic recognition of intraparenchymal regeneration nodules using high-frequency transducers in patients with cirrhosis. J Ultrasound Med. 1991;10:355\u20139.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"3083_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7683","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i25.7683","volume":"21","author":"VI Reshetnyak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reshetnyak VI. Primary biliary cirrhosis: clinical and laboratory criteria for its diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:7683\u2013708.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3083_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06855-0","volume":"30","author":"IS Idilman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Idilman IS, Venkatesh SH, Eaton JE, Bolan CW, Osman KT, Maselli DB, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features in 283 patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Eur Radiol. 2020;30:5139\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"3083_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01839-3","volume":"57","author":"L Burghart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burghart L, Halilbasic E, Schwabl P, Simbrunner B, St\u00e4ttermayer AF, Petrenko O, et al. Distinct prognostic value of different portal hypertension associated features in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. J Gastroenterol. 2022;57:99\u2013110.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3083_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002033","volume":"33","author":"TW Warnes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Warnes TW, Roberts SA, Smith A, Cope VM, Vales P, Haboubi NY, et al. Portal hypertension in primary biliary cholangitis: prevalence, natural history and histological correlate. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33:1595\u2013602.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3083_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1425-8","volume":"43","author":"D Papadatos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papadatos D, Fowler KJ, Kielar AZ, Cui J, Sirlin CB. Cirrhosis and LI-RADS Abdom Radiol (NY). 2018;43:26\u201340.","journal-title":"And LI-RADS Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"3083_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2006.07.008","volume":"36","author":"S Aishima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aishima S, Kuroda Y, Nishihara Y, Taguchi K, Yoshizumi T, Taketomi A, et al. Characteristic differences according to the cirrhotic pattern of advanced primary biliary cirrhosis: macronodular cirrhosis indicates slow progression. Hepatol Res. 2006;36:188\u201394.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"3083_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2017.65450","volume":"13","author":"L Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao L, Meng F, Cheng J, Li H, Han J, Zhang W. Prediction of oesophageal varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis by non-invasive markers. Arch Med Sci. 2017;13:370\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"3083_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.017","volume":"77","author":"C Corpechot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corpechot C, Carrat F, Gaouar F, Chau F, Hirschfield G, Gulamhusein A, et al. Liver stiffness measurement by vibration-controlled transient elastography improves outcome prediction in primary biliary cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2022;77:1545\u201353.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3083_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2021.1928277","volume":"56","author":"EK Manesis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manesis EK, Schina M, Vafiadis I, Gatos I, Theotokas J, Zoumpoulis P, et al. Liver stiffness measurements by 2-dimensional shear wave elastography compared to histological and ultrasound parameters in primary biliary cholangitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2021;56:1187\u201393.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3083_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12861","volume":"47","author":"Y Koizumi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koizumi Y, Hirooka M, Abe M, Tokumoto Y, Yoshida O, Watanabe T, et al. Comparison between real-time tissue elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastography for the assessment of liver fibrosis and Disease progression in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatol Res. 2017;47:1252\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-03083-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-023-03083-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-023-03083-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T17:02:13Z","timestamp":1703005333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-023-03083-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-023-03083-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3125772\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This prospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"448"}}