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Patients were divided into the axSpA and non-axSpA groups according to human leukocyte antigen-B27 serology and sacroiliac joint imaging results. We obtained fecal specimens from 14 axSpA and 26 non-axSpA patients. All samples underwent 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seventy-three patients with UC were included in this study, and the axSpA incidence was 19.2%. This incidence was significantly higher in patients with C-reactive protein\u2009&gt;\u200910\u00a0mg\/L. Firmicutes and <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic> abundances were decreased, and Proteobacteria and <jats:italic>Escherichia_Shigella<\/jats:italic> abundances were increased in the axSpA group compared with those of the non-axSpA group. Indicator analysis showed that <jats:italic>Escherichia_Shigella<\/jats:italic> was more likely to be an indicator species of axSpA. Additionally, many biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism, fatty acid degradation, geraniol degradation, and biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides, were upregulated in the axSpA group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with UC have a high axSpA incidence, which may be related to the relative abundances of <jats:italic>Escherichia_Shigella<\/jats:italic> in these patients. The abundances of various biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of the fecal flora were upregulated in patients with axSpA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03150-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1706713393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical features and fecal microbiota characteristics of patients with both ulcerative colitis and axial spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhangni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Mofan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yuling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yingchao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"3150_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221035","volume":"80","author":"V Navarro-Comp\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Navarro-Comp\u00e1n V, Sepriano A, El-Zorkany B, et al. 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