{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T12:40:02Z","timestamp":1753274402080,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Traditional Rehabilitation Medicine Research Project of China","award":["SMC2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMC2013"]}]},{"name":"Key specialty construction project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","award":["shslczdzk04001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["shslczdzk04001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study aimed to detect the causal effect of ulcerative colitis (UC) on heart failure. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed. The causal impact of UC on heart failure was determined via MR by performing a genome-wide association study in which 4 UCs descending from European ancestors were set as individual exposures. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main method, and 4 other methods were set as assistant parameters. Susbequently, the MR results were combined with meta-analysis results. The MR Egger method was employed to investigate pleiotropy. The leave-one-out method was utilized for sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a reverse-directional study was conducted. There was evidence of the causal effect of UC on heart failure in MR estimates using 4 UC datasets. The IVW method revealed that the odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0441 when the first UC dataset was used; OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0445 when the second UC dataset was used; OR\u2009=\u20092046, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.37-3.05E\u2009+\u200906, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0409 when the third UC dataset was used; and OR\u2009=\u20098.12E\u2009+\u200904, 95% CI\u2009=\u200929.09-2.27E\u2009+\u200908, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0052 when the fourth UC dataset was used. A meta-analysis of 4 MR studies revealed that UC had a statistically significant causal effect on heart failure (OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.05; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0074). Reverse MR analysis revealed that heart failure did not have a causal effect on UC. There was no pleiotropy. This MR study demonstrated that UC had a causal effect on heart failure and that there was no reverse causal effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03671-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:59:53Z","timestamp":1740052793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Casual effect of ulcerative colitis on chronic heart failure: results from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yuzhou","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juntao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3671_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e036584","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036584","volume":"10","author":"TJ Pasvol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pasvol TJ, Horsfall L, Bloom S, Segal AW, Sabin C, Field N, Rait G. Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in UK primary care: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(7):e036584.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"3671_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04234.x","volume":"31","author":"RD Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen RD, Yu AP, Wu EQ, Xie J, Mulani PM, Chao J. Systematic review: the costs of ulcerative colitis in western countries. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(7):693\u2013707.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"R1","key":"3671_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"G Davey Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davey Smith G, Hemani G. Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(R1):R89\u201398.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"3671_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a040980","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040980","volume":"11","author":"BA Ference","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ference BA, Holmes MV, Smith GD. Using mendelian randomization to improve the design of Randomized trials. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2021;11(7):a040980.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3671_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.3682","volume":"158","author":"D Freuer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freuer D, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a bidirectional 2-Sample mendelian randomization study. JAMA Dermatol. 2022;158(11):1262\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"3671_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.151992","volume":"55","author":"C Meisinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meisinger C, Freuer D. Rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2022;55:151992.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"3671_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab191","volume":"16","author":"J Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo J, Xu Z, Noordam R, van Heemst D, Li-Gao R. Depression and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. J Crohns Colitis. 2022;16(4):633\u201342.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3671_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac683","volume":"108","author":"W Xian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xian W, Wu D, Liu B, Hong S, Huo Z, Xiao H, Li Y. Graves Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a bidirectional mendelian randomization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(5):1075\u201383.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3671_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891410","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.891410","volume":"13","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Fan Z, Sun X, Qiu W, Chen Y, Zhou J, Lv G. Mendelian randomization rules out Causation between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:891410.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3671_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4837","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02310-2","volume":"39","author":"VM Monda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monda VM, Gentile S, Porcellati F, Satta E, Fucili A, Monesi M, Strollo F. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obstructive sleep apnea: a Novel paradigm for additional Cardiovascular Benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes. Adv Ther. 2022;39(11):4837\u201346.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"3671_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007132","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007132","volume":"13","author":"SJ Greene","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greene SJ, Fonarow GC, Butler J. Risk profiles in Heart failure: baseline, residual, worsening, and Advanced Heart failure risk. Circ Heart Fail. 2020;13(6):e007132.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"3671_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847012","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.847012","volume":"9","author":"MB Morelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morelli MB, Bongiovanni C, Da Pra S, Miano C, Sacchi F, Lauriola M, D\u2019Uva G. Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer drugs: molecular mechanisms and strategies for Cardioprotection. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:847012.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3671_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.10.006","volume":"28","author":"A Lala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lala A, Tayal U, Hamo CE, Youmans Q, Al-Khatib SM, Bozkurt B, Davis MB, Januzzi J, Mentz R, Sauer A, et al. Sex differences in Heart failure. J Card Fail. 2022;28(3):477\u201398.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"3671_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001152","volume":"7","author":"SL Kristensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kristensen SL, Ahlehoff O, Lindhardsen J, Erichsen R, Lamberts M, Khalid U, Nielsen OH, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH, Hansen PR. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure: a Danish Nationwide Cohort study. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7(5):717\u201322.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"3671_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.031","volume":"16","author":"S Aniwan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aniwan S, Pardi DS, Tremaine WJ, Loftus EV Jr. Increased risk of Acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in patients with inflammatory Bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(10):1607\u2013e16151601.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"19","key":"3671_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17219","volume":"318","author":"CA Emdin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Emdin CA, Khera AV, Kathiresan S. Mendelian randomization. JAMA. 2017;318(19):1925\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"3671_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","volume":"326","author":"VW Skrivankova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BAR, Yarmolinsky J, Davies NM, Swanson SA, VanderWeele TJ, Higgins JPT, Timpson NJ, Dimou N, et al. Strengthening the reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology using mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR Statement. JAMA. 2021;326(16):1614\u201321.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3671_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7868-7_4","volume":"1793","author":"A Dehghan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dehghan A. Genome-wide Association studies. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1793:37\u201349.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3671_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183683","volume":"14","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhang S, Tian Y, Si H, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li M, Sun K, Wu L, et al. Genetic Causal Association between Iron Status and Osteoarthritis: a two-sample mendelian randomization. Nutrients. 2022;14(18):3683.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"3671_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3191","volume":"74","author":"FP Hartwig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartwig FP, Borges MC, Horta BL, Bowden J, Davey Smith G. Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of Schizophrenia: a 2-Sample mendelian randomization study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(12):1226\u201333.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3671_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998","volume":"40","author":"S Burgess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgess S, Davies NM, Thompson SG. Bias due to participant overlap in two-sample mendelian randomization. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(7):597\u2013608.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"3671_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding Y, Yang S, Fan S, Tang Y, Teng Y, Tao X, Lu W. Is Vitamin D Deficiency the Cause or the Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Immunol Res. 2022, 2022:8689777.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8689777"},{"issue":"22","key":"3671_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz469","volume":"35","author":"MA Kamat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamat MA, Blackshaw JA, Young R, Surendran P, Burgess S, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Staley JR. PhenoScanner V2: an expanded tool for searching human genotype-phenotype associations. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(22):4851\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3671_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00398-w","volume":"11","author":"R Abuduxukuer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abuduxukuer R, Niu PP, Guo ZN, Xu YM, Yang Y. Circulating insulin-like Growth factor 1 levels and migraine risk: a mendelian randomization study. Neurol Ther. 2022;11(4):1677\u201389.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"3671_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4197","volume":"30","author":"S Burgess","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG. Bias in causal estimates from mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments. Stat Med. 2011;30(11):1312\u201323.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3671_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036","volume":"40","author":"S Burgess","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG. Avoiding bias from weak instruments in mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):755\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3671_CR27","first-page":"3921","volume":"11","author":"YS Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu YS, Wu PE, Chou WC, Vikram R, Chen WT, Yang SL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Chan TL, et al. Body mass index and type 2 diabetes and breast cancer survival: a mendelian randomization study. Am J Cancer Res. 2021;11(8):3921\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3671_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019653","volume":"49","author":"G Hindy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hindy G, Engstr\u00f6m G, Larsson SC, Traylor M, Markus HS, Melander O, Orho-Melander M. Role of blood lipids in the development of ischemic stroke and its subtypes: a mendelian randomization study. Stroke. 2018;49(4):820\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"3671_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758","volume":"37","author":"S Burgess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgess S, Butterworth A, Thompson SG. Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data. Genet Epidemiol. 2013;37(7):658\u201365.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3671_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","volume":"44","author":"J Bowden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(2):512\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3671_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S. Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some Invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(4):304\u201314.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3671_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","volume":"32","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG. Interpreting findings from mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(5):377\u201389.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3671_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6835","volume":"35","author":"S Burgess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgess S, Dudbridge F, Thompson SG. Combining information on multiple instrumental variables in mendelian randomization: comparison of allele score and summarized data methods. Stat Med. 2016;35(11):1880\u2013906.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3671_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03691-2","volume":"20","author":"G Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao G, He Q, Liu L, Zhang T, Zhou M, Li X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Qin C. Causality of genetically determined metabolites on anxiety disorders: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):475.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3671_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2085883","volume":"54","author":"Z Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao Z, Wu Y, Li Q, Li Y, Wu J. A causal relationship between childhood obesity and risk of osteoarthritis: results from a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):1636\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3671_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211","volume":"47","author":"BK Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bulik-Sullivan BK, Loh PR, Finucane HK, Ripke S, Yang J, Patterson N, Daly MJ, Price AL, Neale BM. LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet. 2015;47(3):291\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"3671_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","volume":"47","author":"B Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Anttila V, Gusev A, Day FR, Loh PR, Duncan L, Perry JR, Patterson N, Robinson EB, et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat Genet. 2015;47(11):1236\u201341.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3671_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","volume":"362","author":"NM Davies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davies NM, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G. Reading mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ. 2018;362:k601.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3671_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206077743","volume":"16","author":"V Didelez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Didelez V, Sheehan N. Mendelian randomization as an instrumental variable approach to causal inference. Stat Methods Med Res. 2007;16(4):309\u201330.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3671_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559","volume":"28","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Bowden J, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Thompson SG. Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants. Epidemiology. 2017;28(1):30\u201342.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3671_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, Do R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):693\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3671_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42113-018-0011-7","volume":"2","author":"QF Gronau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gronau QF, Wagenmakers EJ. Limitations of bayesian leave-one-out Cross-validation for Model Selection. Comput Brain Behav. 2019;2(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Comput Brain Behav"},{"issue":"15","key":"3671_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318792952","volume":"25","author":"HH Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun HH, Tian F. Inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25(15):1623\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"3671_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.027","volume":"76","author":"M Cainzos-Achirica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cainzos-Achirica M, Glassner K, Zawahir HS, Dey AK, Agrawal T, Quigley EMM, Abraham BP, Acquah I, Yahya T, Mehta NN, et al. Inflammatory bowel Disease and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Review topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(24):2895\u2013905.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3671_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3966","volume":"13","author":"P Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu P, Jia F, Zhang B, Zhang P. Risk of cardiovascular disease in inflammatory bowel disease. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13(2):395\u2013400.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3671_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.479","volume":"113","author":"JD Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis JD, Scott FI, Brensinger CM, Roy JA, Osterman MT, Mamtani R, Bewtra M, Chen L, Yun H, Xie F, et al. Increased mortality Rates with prolonged corticosteroid therapy when compared with Antitumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1-Directed Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(3):405\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3671_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"oeab029","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeab029","volume":"2","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu H, Hu T, Hao H, Hill MA, Xu C, Liu Z. Inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular diseases: a concise review. Eur Heart J Open. 2022;2(1):oeab029.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"3671_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.10.001","volume":"30","author":"A Bigeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bigeh A, Sanchez A, Maestas C, Gulati M. Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease: does all inflammation lead to heart disease? Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2020;30(8):463\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"3671_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Jia Y, Li FR, Li Y, Chen LH, Yang HH, Guo D, Sun L, Shi M, Wang T et al. Inflammatory bowel Disease and Risk of Global Cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad163"},{"key":"3671_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188547","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1188547","volume":"14","author":"G Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao G, Wang Z, Ji J, Cui R. Effect of coffee consumption on thyroid function: NHANES 2007\u20132012 and mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1188547.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3671_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-01034-z","volume":"38","author":"D Freuer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freuer D, Meisinger C. Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2023;38(10):1081\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03671-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03671-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03671-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T12:00:08Z","timestamp":1740052808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03671-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03671-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is a Mendelian randomization analysis, therefore no ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"95"}}