{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:20:46Z","timestamp":1790234446371,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"TCM science and technology program of Zhejiang Province","award":["2023ZL523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZL523"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03793-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T07:27:10Z","timestamp":1744010830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis: a cross-sectional clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yakun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"3793_CR1","first-page":"1251","volume":"82","author":"P SZATMARY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szatmary P, Grammatikopoulos T, CAI W, et al. Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis Treat [J] Drugs. 2022;82(12):1251\u201376.","journal-title":"Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis Treat [J] Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.043","volume":"162","author":"IANNUZZI J P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iannuzzi J P, King J A, Leong J H, et al. Global incidence of acute pancreatitis is increasing over time: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis [J]. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(1):122\u201334.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3793_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Itc17","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202102160","volume":"174","author":"GARDNER T B","year":"2021","unstructured":"GARDNER T B. Acute pancreatitis [J]. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(2):Itc17\u201332.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3793_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.052","volume":"167","author":"G TRIKUDANATHAN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trikudanathan G, Yazici C, Evans Phillips A, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis [J]. Gastroenterology. 2024;167(4):673\u201388.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3793_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f8reide K, Barreto S G Pandanaboyanas. Severe acute pancreatitis [J]. Br J Surg, 2024, 111(8).","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae170"},{"issue":"10252","key":"3793_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31310-6","volume":"396","author":"L BOXHOORN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boxhoorn L, Voermans R P, Bouwense S A, et al. Acute pancreatitis [J]. Lancet. 2020;396(10252):726\u201334.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"3793_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.269","volume":"156","author":"G TRIKUDANATHAN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trikudanathan G, Wolbrink D R J, Van Santvoort H C, et al. Current concepts in severe acute and necrotizing pancreatitis: an Evidence-Based approach [J]. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(7):1994\u2013e20073.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00573-3","volume":"18","author":"R WAGNER","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagner R, Eckstein S S, Yamazaki H, et al. Metabolic implications of pancreatic fat accumulation [J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(1):43\u201354.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"3793_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S249128","volume":"13","author":"R NIKNAM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niknam R, Moradi J, Jahanshahi K A, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and its components with severity of acute pancreatitis [J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:1289\u201396.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"3793_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2021.06.003","volume":"21","author":"A NAGY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagy A, Juh\u00e1sz MF, G\u00f6rbe A, et al. Glucose levels show independent and dose-dependent association with worsening acute pancreatitis outcomes: Post-hoc analysis of a prospective, international cohort of 2250 acute pancreatitis cases [J]. Pancreatology. 2021;21(7):1237\u201346.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3793_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2020.06.005","volume":"20","author":"YANG A L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang A L, Mcnabb-Baltar J. Hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis [J]. Pancreatology. 2020;20(5):795\u2013800.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3793_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03584-4","volume":"84","author":"S ZHU","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu S, Ding Z. Acute pancreatitis and metabolic syndrome: genetic correlations and causal associations [J]. Endocrine. 2024;84(2):380\u20137.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"45","key":"3793_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4859","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i45.4859","volume":"30","author":"Y QUAN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quan Y, Yang X J. Metabolic syndrome and acute pancreatitis: current status and future prospects [J]. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(45):4859\u201363.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3793_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gastaldelli A. Measuring and estimating insulin resistance in clinical and research settings [J]. Obes (Silver Spring), 2022, 30(8): 1549\u201363.","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23503"},{"key":"3793_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109042","volume":"180","author":"HM PARK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park Hm, Lee H S, Lee Y J, et al. The triglyceride-glucose index is a more powerful surrogate marker for predicting the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus than the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;180:109042.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"3793_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1267","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1267","volume":"12","author":"X QIN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin X, Li Xiangs. Analysis of factors influencing onset and survival of patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A clinical study [J]. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024;12(6):e1267.","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3793_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.1281","volume":"30","author":"Y HUANG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zhu Y, Peng Y, et al. Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio is an independent predictor of the severity of hyperlipidaemic acute pancreatitis [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2023;30(6):784\u201391.","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02115-9","volume":"23","author":"K DANG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dang K, Wang X. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003\u20132018 [J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):8.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02392-y","volume":"23","author":"SS NAYAK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nayak Ss, Polisetty L D Kuriyakosed, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of triglyceride glucose index: a comprehensive evaluation of meta-analysis [J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):310.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3793_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01625-2","volume":"56","author":"A OLIVERI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliveri A, Rebernick R J, Kuppa A, et al. Comprehensive genetic study of the insulin resistance marker TG:HDL-C in the UK biobank [J]. Nat Genet. 2024;56(2):212\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3793_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852290","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.852290","volume":"13","author":"A NUR ZATI IWANI A K, JALALUDIN M Y,","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nur Zati Iwani A K, Jalaludin M Y, YAHYA A, et al. TG: HDL-C ratio as insulin resistance marker for metabolic syndrome in children with obesity [J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:852290.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01511-x","volume":"21","author":"TAO","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao, L C, Xu J N, Wang T T, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in cardiovascular diseases: landscape and limitations [J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):68.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01762-2","volume":"22","author":"B CHE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Che B, Zhong C, Zhang R, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as potential cardiovascular disease risk factors: an analysis of UK biobank data [J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):34.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3793_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i18.2747","volume":"29","author":"E ZEREM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zerem E, Kurtcehajic A, Kunosi\u0107 S, et al. Current trends in acute pancreatitis: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges [J]. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29(18):2747\u201363.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3793_CR25","first-page":"l6227","volume":"367","author":"SJ HINES O J, PANDOL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hines O J, Pandol SJ. Management of severe acute pancreatitis [J]. BMJ. 2019;367:l6227.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"3793_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.041","volume":"156","author":"VP GARG P K, SINGH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garg P K, Singh VP. Organ failure due to systemic injury in acute pancreatitis [J]. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(7):2008\u201323.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3793_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0158-2","volume":"16","author":"PJ LEE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee Pj. Papachristou G I. New insights into acute pancreatitis [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(8):479\u201396.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51466-5","volume":"9","author":"JS CHO S K, HUH J H, YOO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho S K, Huh J H, YOO JS, et al. HOMA-estimated insulin resistance as an independent prognostic factor in patients with acute pancreatitis [J]. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):14894.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3793_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.04.004","volume":"32","author":"I MIKOLASEVIC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mikolasevic I, Milic S. Metabolic syndrome and acute pancreatitis [J]. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;32:79\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3793_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R207","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9329","volume":"14","author":"J OIVA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oiva J, Mustonen H, Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4 ML, et al. Acute pancreatitis with organ dysfunction associates with abnormal blood lymphocyte signaling: controlled laboratory study [J]. Crit Care. 2010;14(6):R207.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01579-3","volume":"21","author":"Z SHEN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen Z, Wang X. Metabolic syndrome components and acute pancreatitis: a case-control study in China [J]. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021;21(1):17.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3793_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313595","volume":"66","author":"VAN DIJK S M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Dijk S M, Hallensleben N D L, Van Santvoort H C, et al. Acute pancreatitis: recent advances through randomised trials [J]. Gut. 2017;66(11):2024\u201332.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-005-0071-7","volume":"5","author":"YH LEE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee Yh, Pratley R E. The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome [J]. Curr Diab Rep. 2005;5(1):70\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"3793_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2020.09.018","volume":"20","author":"JM PARK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park Jm, Shin S P, CHO S K, et al. Triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is an effective biomarker to identify severe acute pancreatitis [J]. Pancreatology. 2020;20(8):1587\u201391.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02308-w","volume":"23","author":"Z ZHOU","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Liu Q, Zheng M, et al. Comparative study on the predictive value of TG\/HDL-C, TyG and TyG-BMI indices for 5-year mortality in critically ill patients with chronic heart failure: a retrospective study [J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):213.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3793_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-121143","volume":"68","author":"SAHEBKARA YARIBEYGI H, MOHAMMADI M T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yaribeygi H, Mohammadi M T Sahebkara. Ppar-\u03b1 agonist improves Hyperglycemia-Induced oxidative stress in pancreatic cells by potentiating antioxidant defense system [J]. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2018;68(6):355\u201360.","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3793_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01086-x","volume":"15","author":"SH CHO I R, HAN K D, LEE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cho I R, Han K D, Lee Sh, et al. Association between glycemic status and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a nationwide population-based study [J]. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023;15(1):104.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"3793_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4350","volume":"23","author":"CZECH M P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Czech M P. Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes [J]. Nat Med. 2017;23(7):804\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3793_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.09.058","volume":"12","author":"V OSKARSSON","year":"2014","unstructured":"OSkarsson V, Sadr-Azodi O, Orsini N, et al. High dietary glycemic load increases the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(4):676\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3793_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tric\u00f2 D, Moriconi D, Berta R et al. Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus mediterranean diets on weight loss, glucose metabolism, insulin kinetics and \u03b2-Cell function in morbidly obese individuals [J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041345"},{"key":"3793_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papakonstantinou E, Oikonomou C, Nychas G et al. Effects of diet, lifestyle, chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial glycemia and insulin resistance [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040823"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03793-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03793-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03793-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T02:06:39Z","timestamp":1744164399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03793-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03793-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants gave informed consent. And this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (batch number: 2021KY057). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"226"}}