{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1785252116487,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is an important risk factor for gastric cancer. In Japan, national health insurance has covered eradication therapy for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection\u2013associated gastritis from 2013. However, gastric cancer was the fourth leading cause of cancer death in 2023. We aimed to investigate differences in gastric cancer risk among patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer after <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used the JMDC Claims Database from February 21, 2013, to August 31, 2023. Patients who received first-line <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication therapy and were diagnosed with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated gastritis, gastric ulcer, or duodenal ulcer in the same month or the month before the first eradication therapy prescription were included. Two antibacterial drugs and an acid secretion inhibitor or triple-drug blister-packaged product were prescribed. The primary outcome was gastric cancer incidence. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). A propensity score approach was used to minimize the effect of confounding measures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 17,245,330 beneficiaries, 148,489 were included. In the weighted cohort (after propensity matching), statistically significant differences were observed in HRs between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated gastritis and duodenal ulcer (HR using the latter as a reference [95% confidence interval]: 2.03 [1.31\u20133.13]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), and between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (2.37 [1.52\u20133.71]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The cumulative probabilities (95% confidence interval) per the median follow-up years (3.8 years for all) were 0.44% (0.39\u20130.48) for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated gastritis, 0.54% (0.46\u20130.63) for gastric ulcer, 0.22% (0.10\u20130.33) for duodenal ulcer, and 0.26% (0.08\u20130.50) for gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013associated gastritis and gastric ulcer had a higher risk of gastric cancer than patients with duodenal ulcer, indicating that gastric atrophy remains a risk factor after <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication therapy. Careful monitoring, such as by endoscopic examination, is required after successful eradication of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> in patients at higher risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04034-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:26:55Z","timestamp":1751354815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gastric cancer risk after Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastritis and peptic ulcer: a retrospective cohort study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Sugano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihoko","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Iwakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato M, Ota H, Okuda M, Kikuchi S, Satoh K, Shimoyama T, Suzuki H, Handa O, Furuta T, Mabe K et al. 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Cost analysis in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy based on a database of health insurance claims in Japan. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2021;13:241\u201350.","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04034-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04034-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04034-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:26:59Z","timestamp":1751354819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04034-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04034-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This was a retrospective study using data from a claims database. Because of the anonymous nature of the analysis and the absence of direct patient involvement, ethical approval and informed patient consent were not required, based on the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research issued by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"KS has received lecture fees from Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Fujifilm Medical Co. Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, and consultant fees for participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from Fujifilm Medical Co. Ltd. CS is an employee of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. MO and RI were employees of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited at the time the study was conducted. No other disclosures were reported.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"463"}}