{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:57:31Z","timestamp":1781607451426,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is an essential diagnostic tool for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly for identifying bleeding sources in the small intestine. The timing of SBCE is thought to affect its diagnostic yield; however, the optimal timing remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed 131 patients with overt gastrointestinal bleeding managed with SBCE at our institution between May 2015 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the interval between their last bleeding episode and SBCE: 1\u20137, 8\u201314, 15\u201328, and \u2265\u200929 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive findings were observed in approximately 50% of the cases across all intervals, with no statistically significant differences in the detection rates. Vascular lesions were detected primarily within 1\u201314 days, whereas inflammatory lesions, tumors, and diverticula were identified across all intervals. Notably, 25% of the patients with negative SBCE findings were later diagnosed with sources of non-small bowel bleeding, highlighting the value of follow-up endoscopic evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that SBCE can be effective regardless of the time after a bleeding event, contrary to previous recommendations emphasizing its early use. Clinicians should consider performing SBCE whenever feasible to improve the diagnostic outcomes for gastrointestinal bleeding, irrespective of the elapsed time since the last episode.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04044-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T12:06:05Z","timestamp":1749125165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A study on the timing of small-bowel capsule endoscopy and its impact on the detection rate of bleeding sources"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kametaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Iwamuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Inokuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakiko","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870319","volume":"37","author":"M Pennazio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pennazio M, Eisen G, Goldfarb N. ICCE. ICCE consensus for obscure Gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 2005;37:1046\u201350.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"4044_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/35013140","volume":"405","author":"G Iddan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Iddan G, Meron G, Glukhovsky A, Swain P. Wireless capsule endoscopy. Nature. 2000;405:417.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4044_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-004-1532-5","volume":"40","author":"G Bresci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bresci G, Parisi G, Bertoni M, Tumino E, Capria A. The role of video capsule endoscopy for evaluating obscure Gastrointestinal bleeding: usefulness of early use. J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:256\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1036-5","volume":"55","author":"M Esaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Esaki M, Matsumoto T, Yada S, Yanaru-Fujisawa R, Kudo T, Yanai S, et al. Factors associated with the clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with overt obscure Gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2294\u2013301.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"4044_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13669","volume":"33","author":"G Uchida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uchida G, Nakamura M, Yamamura T, Furukawa K, Kawashima H, Honda T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic yield of small bowel endoscopy in patients with overt small bowel bleeding. Dig Endosc. 2021;33:66\u201382.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"4044_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estevinho MM, Pinho R, Fernandes C, Rodrigues A, Ponte A, Gomes AC et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic yields of early capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy in the setting of overt GI bleeding: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95: 610\u2013 25.e9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.12.009"},{"key":"4044_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15491","volume":"36","author":"R Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao R, Nakamura M, Wu S, Uchida G, Yamamura T, Gao YJ, et al. The role of early video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and prognosis of obscure Gastrointestinal bleeding: A multi-center propensity score matching study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36:2540\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4044_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chao CC, Mo LR, Hu SC. The Optimal Timing for Using Capsule Endoscopy for Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Biomed Res Int. 2021; 2021: 7605324.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7605324"},{"key":"4044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E334","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1391852","volume":"3","author":"SH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SH, Keum B, Chun HJ, Yoo IK, Lee JM, Lee JS, et al. Efficacy and implications of a 48-h cutoff for video capsule endoscopy application in overt obscure Gastrointestinal bleeding. Endosc Int Open. 2015;3:E334\u20138.","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"4044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iio S, Oka S, Tanaka S, Tsuboi A, Otani I, Kunihara S et al. Clinical Utility of Emergency Capsule Endoscopy for Diagnosing the Source and Nature of Ongoing Overt Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2019; 2019: 5496242.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5496242"},{"key":"4044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010154","volume":"12","author":"JH Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song JH, Kim JE, Chung HH, Hong SN, Kim H, Kim ER, et al. Video capsule endoscopy optimal timing in overt obscure Gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12:154.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"4044_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1973-3796","volume":"55","author":"M Pennazio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pennazio M, Rondonotti E, Despott EJ, Dray X, Keuchel M, Moreels T, et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European society of Gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2022. Endoscopy. 2023;55:58\u201395.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"4044_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1391855","volume":"47","author":"M Pennazio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pennazio M, Spada C, Eliakim R, Keuchel M, May A, Mulder CJ, et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European society of Gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) clinical guideline. Endoscopy. 2015;47:352\u201376.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"4044_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12883","volume":"29","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Ogata H, Matsumoto T, Ohmiya N, Ohtsuka K, Watanabe K, et al. Clinical practice guideline for enteroscopy. Dig Endosc. 2017;29:519\u201346.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"4044_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.246","volume":"110","author":"LB Gerson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gerson LB, Fidler JL, Cave DR, Leighton JA. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of small bowel bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110:1265\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-40244","volume":"35","author":"JC Saurin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saurin JC, Delvaux M, Gaudin JL, Fassler I, Villarejo J, Vahedi K, et al. Diagnostic value of endoscopic capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding: blinded comparison with video push-enteroscopy. Endoscopy. 2003;35:576\u201384.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"4044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112685","volume":"12","author":"MM Estevinho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Estevinho MM, Pinho R, Rodrigues A, Ponte A, Afecto E, Correia J, et al. Very high yield of urgent Small-Bowel capsule endoscopy for ongoing overt suspected Small-Bowel bleeding irrespective of the usual predictive factors. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12:2685.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"4044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.08.005","volume":"67","author":"T Yano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yano T, Yamamoto H, Sunada K, Miyata T, Iwamoto M, Hayashi Y, et al. Endoscopic classification of vascular lesions of the small intestine (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:169\u201372.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"4044_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.03.011","volume":"45","author":"T Innocenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Innocenti T, Dragoni G, Roselli J, Macr\u00ec G, Mello T, Milani S, et al. Non-small-bowel lesions identification by capsule endoscopy: A single centre retrospective study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45:101409.","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04044-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04044-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04044-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:43:20Z","timestamp":1781606600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04044-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04044-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of Okayama University Hospital (2311-015) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for written informed consent was waived because of the observational, non-interventional, and retrospective study design. The waiver of informed consent was approved by the ethics committee of Okayama University Hospital. All investigations were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Grant support"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of financial arrangements"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"434"}}