{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:45:19Z","timestamp":1777301119425,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit","award":["CUBAP-FBA-2021-13667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUBAP-FBA-2021-13667"]}]},{"name":"Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit","award":["CUBAP-FBA-2021-13667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUBAP-FBA-2021-13667"]}]},{"name":"Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit","award":["CUBAP-FBA-2021-13667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUBAP-FBA-2021-13667"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04204-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T03:10:22Z","timestamp":1755745822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mucosal microbiota signatures reveal diagnostic insights in chronic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sad\u0131k","family":"Din\u00e7er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yakup","family":"\u00dclger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An\u0131l","family":"Delik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001595","volume":"117","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, O\u2019Leary JG, Lai JC, Wong F, Long MD, Wong RJ, et al. Acute-on-Chronic liver failure clinical guidelines. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(2):225\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4204_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.060","volume":"18","author":"AM Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon AM, Singal AG, Tapper EB. Contemporary epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18:2650\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4204_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","volume":"70","author":"SK Asrani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 2019;70:151\u201371.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1061","volume":"17","author":"S Cheemerla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheemerla S, Balakrishnan M. Global epidemiology of chronic liver disease. Clin Liver Disease. 2021;17(5):365.","journal-title":"Clin Liver Disease"},{"issue":"7","key":"4204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001478","volume":"55","author":"YJ Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong YJ, Qiu TY, Ng GK, Zheng Q, Teo EK. Efficacy and safety of Statin for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention among chronic liver disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021;55(7):615\u201323.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467197","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1467197","volume":"15","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang B, Jiang R. Microbiome interplays in the gut-liver axis: implications for liver cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic insights. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025;15:1467197.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05936-y","volume":"12","author":"E Miyauchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miyauchi E, Taida T, Kawasumi M, Ohkusa T, Sato N, Ohno H. Analysis of colonic mucosa-associated microbiota using endoscopically collected lavage. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1758.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13400","volume":"199","author":"CC Bain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bain CC, Cerovic V. Interactions of the microbiota with the mucosal immune system. Clin Experimental Immunol. 2020;199(1):9\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Experimental Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G675","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00152.2012","volume":"303","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Hylemon PB, Ridlon JM, Heuman DM, Daita K, White MB, Gillevet PM. Colonic mucosal Microbiome differs from stool Microbiome in cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy and is linked to cognition and inflammation. Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol. 2012;303(6):G675\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"4204_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15272","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015272","volume":"24","author":"AV Korobeinikova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Korobeinikova AV, Zlobovskaya OA, Sheptulina AF, Ashniev GA, Bobrova MM, Yafarova AA, Yudin SM. Gut microbiota patterns in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive assessment using three analysis methods. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(20):15272.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4204_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00763-19","volume":"5","author":"Y Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang Y, Dong T, Chen M, He L, Wang T, Liu X, Xia Y. Systematic analysis of impact of sampling regions and storage methods on fecal gut Microbiome and metabolome profiles. Msphere. 2020;5(1):10\u20131128.","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"issue":"11","key":"4204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00904-3","volume":"21","author":"CL Hsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsu CL, Schnabl B. The gut\u2013liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(11):719\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"4204_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158309","volume":"22","author":"SM Won","year":"2021","unstructured":"Won SM, Park E, Jeong JJ, Ganesan R, Gupta H, Gebru YA, Suk KT. The gut microbiota-derived immune response in chronic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15):8309.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"4204_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00068","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000068","volume":"10","author":"AS Raj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raj AS, Shanahan ER, Tran CD, Bhat P, Fletcher LM, Vesey DA, Macdonald GA. Dysbiosis of the duodenal mucosal microbiota is associated with increased small intestinal permeability in chronic liver disease. Clin Translational Gastroenterol. 2019;10(8):e00068.","journal-title":"Clin Translational Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4204_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331460","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2331460","volume":"16","author":"R Bened\u00e9-Ubieto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bened\u00e9-Ubieto R, Cubero FJ, Nevzorova YA. Breaking the barriers: the role of gut homeostasis in Metabolic-Associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2331460.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4204_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20032","volume":"15","author":"H Fukui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fukui H. Leaky gut and gut-Liver axis in liver cirrhosis: clinical studies update. Gut Liver. 2021;15:666.","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"4204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.110959","volume":"81","author":"MM Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li MM, Zhou Y, Zuo L, Nie D, Li XA. Dietary fiber regulates intestinal flora and suppresses liver and systemic inflammation to alleviate liver fibrosis in mice. Nutrition. 2021;81:110959.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"4204_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2016.01.077","volume":"48","author":"M Gr\u0105t","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gr\u0105t M, Wronka KM, Krasnod\u0119bski M, Masior \u0141, Lewandowski Z, Kosi\u0144ska I, et al. Profile of gut microbiota associated with the presence of hepatocellular cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis. Transpl Proc. 2016;48:1687\u201391.","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"issue":"15","key":"4204_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158309","volume":"22","author":"SM Won","year":"2021","unstructured":"Won SM, Park E, Jung JJ, Ganesan R, Gupta H, Gebru YA, et al. The gut microbiota-derived immune response in chronic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15):8309.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4204_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.05.012","volume":"16","author":"K Imajo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Imajo K, Fujita K, Yoneda M, Nozaki Y, Ogawa Y, Shinohara Y, et al. Hyperresponsivity to low-dose endotoxin during progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is regulated by leptin-mediated signaling. Cell Metab. 2012;16:44\u201354.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4204_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02914-06","volume":"73","author":"A Amaretti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amaretti A, Bernardi T, Tamburini E, Zanoni S, Lomma M, Matteuzzi D, et al. Kinetics and metabolism of bifidobacterium adolescentis MB 239 growing on glucose, galactose, lactose, and galactooligosaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:3637\u201344.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4204_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29878","volume":"68","author":"D Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang D, Tong X, Nelson BB, Jin E, Sit J, Charney N, et al. The hepatic BMAL1\/AKT\/lipogenesis axis protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice via promoting PPARalpha pathway. Hepatology. 2018;68:883\u201396.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"4204_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102437","volume":"11","author":"R Magdy Wasfy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magdy Wasfy R, Mbaye B, Borentain P, Tidjani Alou M, Murillo Ruiz ML, Caputo A, et al. Ethanol-Producing enterocloster Bolteae is enriched in chronic hepatitis B-Associated gut dysbiosis: A Case\u2013Control culturomics study. Microorganisms. 2023;11(10):2437.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"4204_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13216","volume":"27","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Chen S, Fu Y, Wu W, Chen T, Chen J. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-induced chronic liver disease covering chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat. 2020;27:143\u201355.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"4204_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02222","volume":"8","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, et al. Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with altered hepatic functions and serum metabolites in chronic hepatitis B patients. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2222.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4204_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00377","volume":"9","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu Q, Xia P, Zhou X, Li X, Guo W, Zhu B. Hepatitis B virus infection alters gut microbiota composition in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:377.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4204_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568","volume":"513","author":"N Qin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qin N, Yang F, Li A, Prifti E, Chen Y, Shao L, et al. Alterations of the human gut Microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature. 2014;513:59\u201364.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4204_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8233","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1982273","volume":"12","author":"T Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen T, Ding R, Chen X, Lu Y, Shi J, Lu Y, et al. Firmicutes and blautia in gut microbiota lessened in chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A pilot study. Bioengineered. 2021;12:8233\u201346.","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"4204_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-013-0141-3","volume":"36","author":"DK Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee DK, Kang JY, Shin HS, Park II, Ha NJ. Antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 against hepatitis B virus. Arch Pharm Res. 2013;36:1525\u201332.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"4204_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052606","volume":"22","author":"W Thilakarathna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thilakarathna W, Rupasinghe H, Ridgway ND. Mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria attenuate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:2606.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4204_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2022.100676","volume":"27","author":"W Shu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shu W, Shanjian C, Jinpiao L, Qishui O. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol. 2022;27(2):100676.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4204_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-023-00014-y","volume":"61","author":"SM Won","year":"2023","unstructured":"Won SM, Lee NY, Oh KK, Gupta H, Sharma SP, Kim KH, et al. Gut Lactobacillus and probiotics Lactobacillus lactis\/rhamnosus ameliorate liver fibrosis in prevention and treatment. J Microbiol. 2023;61(2):245\u201357.","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4204_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312729","volume":"65","author":"H Tilg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tilg H, Cani PD, Mayer EA. Gut Microbiome and liver diseases. Gut. 2016;65(12):2035\u201344.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4204_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113204","volume":"152","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang R, Zhao T. Gut microbiota combined with metabolomics reveal the mechanism of curcumol on liver fibrosis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;152:113204.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"4204_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.03.004","volume":"86","author":"SC Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang SC, Liao PY, Hung SJ, Ge JS, Chen SM, Lai JC, et al. Topical application of glycolic acid suppresses the UVB-induced IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and COX-2 inflammation by modulating NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in keratinocytes and mice skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;86(3):238\u201348.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"4204_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00018","volume":"10","author":"S Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan S, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Huang C, Zhu X. Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with profibrotic factors in liver fibrosis mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:18.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4204_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020395","volume":"20","author":"I Milosevic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milosevic I, Vujovic A, Barac A, Djelic M, Korac M, Radovanovic Spurnic A, et al. Gut-Liver axis, gut microbiota, and its modulation in the management of liver diseases: A review of the literature. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:395.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4204_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019","volume":"60","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Hylemon PB, Sanyal AJ, White MB, Monteith P, et al. Altered profile of human gut Microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications. J Hepatol. 2014;60:940\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4204_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.06.005","volume":"32","author":"TG Oh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oh TG, Kim SM, Caussy C, Fu T, Guo J, Bassirian S, et al. A universal Gut-Microbiome-Derived signature predicts cirrhosis. Cell Metab. 2020;32:878\u2013e888876.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4204_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111036","volume":"133","author":"L Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu L, Feng J, Li J, Yu Q, Ji J, Wu J, et al. The gut microbiome-bile acid axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;133:111036.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"4204_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004779","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004779","volume":"10","author":"PC Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee PC, Wu CJ, Hung YW, Lee CJ, Chi CT, Lee IC, et al. Gut microbiota and metabolites associate with outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor\u2013treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2022;10(6):e004779.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"4204_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065229","volume":"24","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Moretti R, Tiribelli C. Gut microbes Meet machine learning: the next step towards advancing our Understanding of the gut Microbiome in health and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5229.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4204_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250806","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1250806","volume":"14","author":"LJ Marcos-Zambrano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marcos-Zambrano LJ, L\u00f3pez-Molina VM, Bakir-Gungor B, Frohme M, Karaduzovic-Hadziabdic K, Klammsteiner T, et al. A toolbox of machine learning software to support Microbiome analysis. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1250806.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"4204_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8627","DOI":"10.3390\/app14198627","volume":"14","author":"F D\u2019Urso","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u2019Urso F, Broccolo F. Applications of artificial intelligence in Microbiome analysis and probiotic Interventions\u2014An overview and perspective based on the current state of the Art. Appl Sci. 2024;14(19):8627.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04204-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04204-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04204-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T10:04:43Z","timestamp":1757412283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04204-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04204-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study complied with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for this study was received by the \u00c7ukurova University Ethics Committee on December 4, 2020 (institutional review board and clinical trial number 2020\u201313099). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. All authors maintained relevant ethical standards to preserve research integrity and ensured that no duplication, falsification, or plagiarism occurred.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"607"}}