{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T10:20:37Z","timestamp":1794565237397,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["No.2022YFC2703603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2022YFC2703603"]}]},{"name":"the Capital Health Development Research Special Project","award":["No.2022\u20132\u20132094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2022\u20132\u20132094"]}]},{"name":"the \u201cDengfeng\u201d Talent Development Program of the Beijing Hospital Management Center","award":["No.DFL20221003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.DFL20221003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04314-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:55:41Z","timestamp":1759755341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shuangzhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"4314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","volume":"158","author":"M Eslam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J. MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(7):1999-e20141.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","volume":"73","author":"M Eslam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, Anstee QM, Targher G, Romero-Gomez M, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):202\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15856","volume":"44","author":"R Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song R, Li Z, Zhang Y, Tan J, Chen Z. Comparison of NAFLD, MAFLD and MASLD characteristics and mortality outcomes in united States adults. Liver International: Official J Int Association Study Liver. 2024;44(4):1051\u201360.","journal-title":"Liver International: Official J Int Association Study Liver"},{"issue":"2","key":"4314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.021","volume":"80","author":"SJ Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song SJ, Lai JC, Wong GL, Wong VW, Yip TC. Can we use old NAFLD data under the new MASLD definition? J Hepatol. 2024;80(2):e54\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00183-7","volume":"6","author":"M Eslam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eslam M, Alkhouri N, Vajro P, Baumann U, Weiss R, Socha P, et al. Defining paediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6(10):864\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e042843","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042843","volume":"11","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wu M, Liu Z, Yuan H, Wu X, Shi T, et al. Increasing prevalence of NAFLD\/NASH among children, adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2017: a population-based observational study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(5):e042843.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604371","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.1604371","volume":"66","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu J, Mu C, Li K, Luo H, Liu Y, Li Z. Estimating global prevalence of metabolic Dysfunction-Associated fatty liver disease in overweight or obese children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2021;66:1604371.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10691-5","volume":"18","author":"S Vimalesvaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vimalesvaran S, Vajro P, Dhawan A. Pediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: current insights and future perspectives. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(Suppl 2):873\u201383.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"4314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0286586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286586","volume":"18","author":"C Chac\u00f3n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chac\u00f3n C, Arteaga I, Mart\u00ednez-Escud\u00e9 A, Ruiz Rojano I, Lamonja-Vicente N, Caballeria L, et al. Clinical epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. The liverkids: study protocol. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(10):e0286586.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"4314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13331","volume":"50","author":"A Ismaiel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ismaiel A, Dumitrascu DL. Genetic predisposition in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and cardiovascular outcomes-systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020;50(10):e13331.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"4314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1120621","volume":"10","author":"Q Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong Q, Bao H, Wang J, Shi W, Zou X, Sheng J, et al. Liver fibrosis and MAFLD: the exploration of multi-drug combination therapy strategies. Front Med. 2023;10:1120621.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182a474d3","volume":"48","author":"HJ Hyun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hyun HJ, Shim JJ, Kim JW, Lee JS, Lee CK, Jang JY, et al. The prevalence of elevated alanine transaminase and its possible causes in the general Korean population. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(6):534\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/2327-6924.12369","volume":"28","author":"N Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson N, Mansfield B, Stringer M, Stewart B, Potter J, Fernengel K. An evidence-based resource for the management of comorbidities associated with childhood overweight and obesity. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2016;28(10):559\u201370.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"4314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","volume":"7","author":"K Riazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Riazi K, Azhari H, Charette JH, Underwood FE, King JA, Afshar EE, et al. The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(9):851\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00017-1","volume":"8","author":"Y Vali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vali Y, Lee J, Boursier J, Petta S, Wonders K, Tiniakos D, et al. Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(8):714\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70409","volume":"8","author":"L Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu L, Du H, Zhou Q, Liu C, Zhang T, Yuan M. Web of science-based visualization of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in pediatric and adolescent populations: a bibliometric study. Health Sci Rep. 2025;8(2):e70409.","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"4314_CR17","first-page":"n160","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). 2021;372:n160.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"key":"4314_CR18","unstructured":"Wells G, editor. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses. Symposium on systematic reviews: beyond the basics. 2014."},{"issue":"11","key":"4314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104","volume":"67","author":"JJ Barendregt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barendregt JJ, Doi SA, Lee YY, Norman RE, Vos T. Meta-analysis of prevalence. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67(11):974\u20138.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"7109","key":"4314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-000945","author":"BV Chihota","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chihota BV, Riebensahm C, Muula G, Sinkala E, Chilengi R, Mulenga L, et al. Liver steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among HIV-positive and negative adults in urban Zambia. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-000945.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","volume":"77","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335\u201347.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"4314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e074432","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074432","volume":"13","author":"KS Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan KS, Mat Rifin H, Mohd Yusoff MF, Yoga Ratnam KK, Chan WK, Mohamad M, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in Malaysia 2023: study protocol for a community-based nationwide cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2023;13(10):e074432.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"4314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.036","volume":"79","author":"VW Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong VW, Ekstedt M, Wong GL, Hagstr\u00f6m H. Changing epidemiology, global trends and implications for outcomes of NAFLD. J Hepatol. 2023;79(3):842\u201352.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4314_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.025","volume":"75","author":"NF Lange","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lange NF, Radu P, Dufour JF. Prevention of NAFLD-associated HCC: role of lifestyle and chemoprevention. J Hepatol. 2021;75(5):1217\u201327.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4314_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142676","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142676","volume":"10","author":"AE Garcia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia AE, Kasim N, Tamboli RA, Gonzalez RS, Antoun J, Eckert EA, et al. Lipoprotein profiles in class III obese Caucasian and African American women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0142676.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x","volume":"70","author":"BM Popkin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2012;70(1):3\u201321.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4314_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","volume":"64","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2016;64(1):73\u201384.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4314_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","volume":"67","author":"N Chalasani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328\u201357.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"4314_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2338952","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.38952","volume":"6","author":"JN de Brito","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Brito JN, McDonough DJ, Mathew M, VanWagner LB, Schreiner PJ, Gabriel KP, et al. Young adult physical activity trajectories and midlife nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(10):e2338952.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"4314_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","volume":"129","author":"LA Adams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J, Sanderson SO, Lindor KD, Feldstein A, et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(1):113\u201321.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4314_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","volume":"140","author":"CD Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, Torres DM, Shaw J, Contreras M, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(1):124\u201331.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4314_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245762","volume":"16","author":"MA Niriella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niriella MA, Ediriweera DS, Kasturiratne A, De Silva ST, Dassanayaka AS, De Silva AP, et al. Outcomes of NAFLD and MAFLD: results from a community-based, prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(2):e0245762.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"4314_CR34","first-page":"3104","volume":"28","author":"J Amer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amer J, Alnees M, Salameh M, Daraghmeh A, Kabha A, AlHabil Y, et al. The diagnostic utility of FIB-4 as a non-invasive tool for liver fibrosis scoring among NAFLD patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024;28(8):3104\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4314_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-23-539","volume":"12","author":"F Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao F, Chen G, Byrne CD, Targher G, Cheung TT, Zheng MH. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: present and future. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2023;12(6):945\u20138.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4314_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101016","volume":"6","author":"S Johansen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johansen S, Langkj\u00e6r S, Rasmussen DN, Israelsen M, Torp N, Lindvig K, et al. Infections increase the risk of decompensation and death in patients with early alcohol-related liver disease. JHEP Rep. 2024;6(4):101016.","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4314_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.044","volume":"75","author":"EA Selvaraj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Selvaraj EA, M\u00f3zes FE, Jayaswal ANA, Zafarmand MH, Vali Y, Lee JA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2021;75(4):770\u201385.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4314_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24001","volume":"52","author":"H Tilg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tilg H, Moschen AR. Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis. Hepatology. 2010;52(5):1836\u201346.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4314_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50193","volume":"37","author":"BA Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD single topic conference. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1202\u201319.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4314_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.19834","volume":"37","author":"S Ferreira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferreira S, Mendes J, Couto D, Ferreira D, R\u00eago C. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and continuous metabolic syndrome in adolescents with overweight\/obesity. Acta Med Port. 2024;37(3):177\u201386.","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"issue":"8","key":"4314_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623","volume":"43","author":"G Musso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. Meta-analysis: natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity. Ann Med. 2011;43(8):617\u201349.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"4314_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112841","author":"A Lonardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lonardo A, Mantovani A, Lugari S, Targher G. Nafld in some common endocrine diseases: prevalence, pathophysiology, and principles of diagnosis and management. Int J Mol Sci. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20112841.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04314-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04314-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04314-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:55:43Z","timestamp":1759755343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04314-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04314-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"691"}}