{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T19:15:56Z","timestamp":1776366956079,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014421","name":"EA Pharma Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a common disorder associated with socioeconomic burden. The aim of this study was to quantify the socioeconomic burden of CIC, including non-traditional value elements, and to compare the cost-effectiveness of 3 treatments for CIC with unique mechanisms of action: elobixibat 10 mg, linaclotide 0.5 mg, and lubiprostone 48 \u03bcg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared medical costs and CIC-specific quality of life (QoL) among patients treated with elobixibat 10 mg, linaclotide 0.5 mg, and lubiprostone 48 \u03bcg using a Markov cohort simulation model of 4 mutually exclusive health states (CIC, unimproved, improved, and death) with 4-week cycles and a 2-year time horizon. In addition to costs and QoL scores, which were discounted at 2.0% per year, we considered productivity loss and caregiver burden for patients requiring assistance with daily living and defecation management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients treated with elobixibat 10 mg showed lower total costs and better QoL than those treated with linaclotide 0.5 mg (+\u200976,241 Japanese yen [JPY], QoL\u2009+\u20090.034) and lubiprostone 48 \u03bcg (JPY\u2009+\u200962,050, QoL\u2009+\u20090.014). The deterministic sensitivity analysis showed that the base-case results were generally robust to changes in most input parameters but were sensitive to the effectiveness of elobixibat and lubiprostone; effectiveness of\u2009\u2212\u200920% for elobixibat and\u2009+\u200920% for lubiprostone resulted in higher costs and poorer QoL for elobixibat 10 mg than lubiprostone 48 \u03bcg. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that approximately 72.3% and 64.0% of observations showed better QoL for elobixibat 10 mg than linaclotide 0.5 mg and lubiprostone 48 \u03bcg, respectively. Scenario analyses in which no discounting was applied and higher mortality for unimproved patients was assumed yielded similar results to the base-case analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering CIC-related medical costs, QoL, productivity loss, and caregiver burden, elobixibat 10 mg is associated with better QoL and lower costs than linaclotide 0.5 mg and lubiprostone 48 \u03bcg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, registration number UMIN000055903 (registration date: 21 October 2024).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04334-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1761047575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Socioeconomic value of treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Unno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Uenishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ataru","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.021","volume":"281","author":"K Sumida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, Thomas F, Lu JL, Yamagata K, et al. 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AU is an employee of EA Pharma Co., Ltd. TO is an employee of Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. AS was and TU is a manager of Healthcare Consulting Inc., which was commissioned to perform this work by EA Pharma Co., Ltd. and Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. AI reports honoraria from EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Astellas Pharma Inc.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"748"}}