{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:38:01Z","timestamp":1783420681602,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240484702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04338-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T10:33:01Z","timestamp":1762338781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linked color imaging for detection and characterization of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Pu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4338_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","volume":"3","author":"A Dasari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, et al. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the united States. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(10):1335\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4338_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003088","volume":"120","author":"M Sekiguchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sekiguchi M, Kawamura T, Horiguchi G, et al. Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Detection Rate During Colonoscopy: Results From Large-Scale Data of Colonoscopies in Japan. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025;120(2):473\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003088.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4338_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.418","volume":"14","author":"C Son","year":"2025","unstructured":"Son C, Kalapala J, Leya J, et al. Gastroseophageal neuroendocrine tumors: outcomes and management. J Clin Med. 2025;14(7):2148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/deo2.418.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4338_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-022-00986-w","volume":"23","author":"A Papaefthymiou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papaefthymiou A, Laskaratos FM, Koffas A, et al. State of the Art in endoscopic therapy for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2022;23(7):1014\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11864-022-00986-w.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08180-0","volume":"69","author":"XR Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo XR, Zhao XH, Huang G, et al. Advances in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms. Dig Dis Sci. 2024;69(1):27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08180-0.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4338_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14957","volume":"37","author":"S Ono","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ono S, Inoue M, Higashino M, et al. Linked color imaging and upper gastrointestinal neoplasia. Dig Endosc. 2025;37(4):352\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/den.14957.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-022-01934-z","volume":"58","author":"K Yashima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yashima K, Onoyama T, Kurumi H, et al. Current status and future perspective of linked color imaging for gastric cancer screening: a literature review. J Gastroenterol. 2023;58(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-022-01934-z.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4338_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14374","volume":"34","author":"T Murakami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murakami T, Kamba E, Nomura K, et al. Linked color imaging improves visibility of colorectal serrated lesion by high color contrast to surrounding mucosa. Dig Endosc. 2022;34(7):1422\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/den.14374.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4338_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2023.22684","volume":"34","author":"I Kyung Yoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kyung Yoo I, Lee H, Kim IIY, et al. Clinical usefulness of linked color imaging for detection and characterization of undifferentiated type early gastric cancer. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023;34(4):356\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tjg.2023.22684.","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0707-5","volume":"17","author":"Y Yoshifuku","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshifuku Y, Sanomura Y, Oka S, et al. Evaluation of the visibility of early gastric cancer using linked color imaging and blue laser imaging. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-017-0707-5.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2147991","volume":"54","author":"M Min","year":"2022","unstructured":"Min M, Sun XT, Bai JY, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of linked color imaging versus white light imaging for early gastric cancers: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial study. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):3306\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2022.2147991.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4338_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.06.043","volume":"90","author":"A Majima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Majima A, Dohi Osamu, Takayama S, et al. Linked color imaging identifies important risk factors associated with gastric cancer after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;90(5):763\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2019.06.043.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4338_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06289-0","volume":"66","author":"J Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao J, Zhang X, Meng Q, et al. Linked color imaging can improve detection rate of early gastric cancer in a high-risk population: a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;66(4):1212\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06289-0.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4338_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.02.035","volume":"86","author":"M Min","year":"2017","unstructured":"Min M, Deng P, Zhang W, et al. Comparison of linked color imaging and white-light colonoscopy for detection of colorectal polyps: a multicenter, randomized, crossover trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;86(4):724\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2017.02.035.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"4338_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0602-3997","volume":"06","author":"P Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng P, Min M, Dong TH, et al. Linked color imaging improves detection of minimal change esophagitis in non-erosive reflux esophagitis patients. Endosco Int Open. 2019;06:E1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0602-3997.","journal-title":"Endosco Int Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"4338_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i11.1123","volume":"28","author":"C Gallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallo C, Rossi RE, Cavalcoli F, et al. Rectal neuroendocrine tumors:current advances in management, treatment, and surveillance. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(11):1123\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v28.i11.1123.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4338_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2018.132","volume":"51","author":"H Osawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osawa H, Miura Y, Takezawa T, et al. Linked color imaging and blue laser imaging for upper Gastrointestinal screening. Clin Endosc. 2018;51(6):513\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5946\/ce.2018.132.","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"4338_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975","volume":"76","author":"ID Nagtegaal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagtegaal ID, Odze RD, Klimstra D, et al. The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Histopathology. 2020;76(2):182\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.13975.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"4338_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei XR, Xie JY, He WR, Quantitative comparisons of linked color imaging and white-light colonoscopy for colorectal polyp analysis[C]\/\/2018 International Conference on Network Infrastructure and, Content D et al. (IC-NIDC), 22\u201324 Aug. 2018, Guiyang, China, 2018: 140\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNIDC.2018.8525753"},{"issue":"5","key":"4338_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1364\/josa.66.000497","volume":"66","author":"RG Kuehni","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kuehni RG. Color-tolerance data and the tentative CIE 1976 lab formula. J Opt Soc Am. 1976;66(5):497\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/josa.66.000497.","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86296-x","volume":"11","author":"T Ishikawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishikawa T, Matsumura T, Okimoto K, et al. Efficacy of texture and color enhancement imaging in visualizing gastric mucosal atrophy and gastric neoplasms. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86296-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"4338_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-017-2855-z","volume":"32","author":"N Yoshida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshida N, Naito Y, Yasuda R, et al. Linked color imaging improves the visibility of various featured colorectal polyps in an endoscopist\u2019s visibility and color difference value. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32(9):1253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-017-2855-z.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"4338_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i17.2413","volume":"7","author":"K Algashaamy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Algashaamy K, Garcia-Buitrago M. Multifocal G1-G2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors: differentiating between type I, II and III, a clinicopathologic review. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(17):2413\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70088","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.70088","volume":"5","author":"K Matsueda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Matsueda K, Uedo N, Kitamura M, et al. Endoscopic features of gastric neuroendocrine tumors. DEN Open. 2025;5(1):e70088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/deo2.70088.","journal-title":"DEN Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02050-2","volume":"23","author":"X Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng X, Wu M, Li S, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics of rectal multiple neuroendocrine neoplasms and literature review. BMC Surg. 2023;23(1):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-023-02050-2.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"4338_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E741","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2081-9749","volume":"55","author":"D Dolgunov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dolgunov D, Tan KK, Tan B, et al. Linked color imaging aids in identification of multiple rectal neuroendocrine tumors. Endosocopy. 2023;55(01):E741\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2081-9749.","journal-title":"Endosocopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77doi","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0806-y","volume":"18","author":"J Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim JH, Lee JY, et al. Clinical outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumor. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018;18(1):77doi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0806-y.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4338_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2021.00017.0002","volume":"38","author":"S Pattarajierapan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pattarajierapan S, Khomvilai S. Recurrence after endoscopic resection of small rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(3):216\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3393\/ac.2021.00017.0002.","journal-title":"Ann Coloproctol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02365-z","volume":"22","author":"B Cha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cha B, Shin J, Ko WJ, et al. Prognosis of incompletely resected small rectal neuroendocrine tumor using endoscope without additional treatment. BMC Gastroenterol. 2022;22(1):293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02365-z.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4338_CR30","unstructured":"Central Bureau of CIE [International Commission on Illumination]. Colorimetry \u2013 Technical Report. CIE Pub. No. 15. 3rd ed. Vienna: International Commission on Illumination. 2004: Available: http:\/\/www.cdvplus.cz\/file\/3-publikace-cie15-2004\/. Accessed 2017 Feb 19."},{"issue":"10","key":"4338_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i10.1248","volume":"25","author":"T Fujiyoshi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujiyoshi T, Miyahara R, Funasaka K, et al. Utility of linked color imaging for endoscopic diagnosos of early gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(10):1248\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v25.i10.1248.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E90","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1989-6643","volume":"11","author":"H Kanzaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanzaki H, Kawahara Y, Satomi T, et al. Differences in color between early gastric cancer and cancer-suspected non-cancerous mucosa on linked color imaging. Endosc Int Open. 2023;11(1):E90\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1989-6643.","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"4338_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13581","volume":"32","author":"Y Yamasaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamasaki Y, Harada K, Yamamoto S, et al. Blue laser imaging and linked color imaging improve the color difference value and visibility of colorectal polyps in underwater conditions. Dig Endosc. 2020;32(5):791\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/den.13581.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4338_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.418","volume":"5","author":"O Dohi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dohi O, Seya M, Iwai N, Ochiai T, et al. Endoscopic detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer using image-enhanced endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DEN Open. 2024;5(1):e418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/deo2.418.","journal-title":"DEN Open"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04338-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04338-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04338-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T10:33:04Z","timestamp":1762338784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04338-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04338-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, and the need to obtain informed consent was waived. All procedures performed in research involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"784"}}