{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:28:53Z","timestamp":1787020133336,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chronic Disease Management Special Fund of Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["YN2024MB005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YN2024MB005"]}]},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Wet Syndrome of Traditional Chinese Medicine co-established by Guangdong provincial and Ministry of China","award":["SZ2021ZZ2701, B67016 and B67017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZ2021ZZ2701, B67016 and B67017"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases"},{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program","award":["2025A03J0781 and 2025A03J4058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A03J0781 and 2025A03J4058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04388-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:27:14Z","timestamp":1764170834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of lifestyle and dietary preferences with precancerous serrated polyps: a hospital-based case-control study in Guangzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shaoyu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4388_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327736","volume":"72","author":"E Morgan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morgan E, Arnold M, Gini A, Lorenzoni V, Cabasag CJ, Laversanne M, et al. Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN. Gut. 2023;72(2):338\u201344.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"4388_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2020.10.010","volume":"53","author":"M Ahadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahadi M, Sokolova A, Brown I, Chou A, Gill AJ. The 2019 world health organization classification of appendiceal, colorectal and anal canal tumours: an update and critical assessment. Pathology. 2021;53(4):454\u201361.","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4388_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14273","volume":"34","author":"T Murakami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murakami T, Kurosawa T, Fukushima H, Shibuya T, Yao T, Nagahara A. Sessile serrated lesions: clinicopathological characteristics, endoscopic diagnosis, and management. Dig Endosc. 2022;34(6):1096\u2013109.","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000988","volume":"40","author":"D Dornblaser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dornblaser D, Young S, Shaukat A. Colon polyps: updates in classification and management. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2024;40(1):14\u201320.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4388_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.04.241","volume":"90","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee JY, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Koo JE, Lee HJ, et al. Risk factors of traditional serrated adenoma and clinicopathologic characteristics of synchronous conventional adenoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;90(4):636\u2013e469.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"4388_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2016.14.3.270","volume":"14","author":"JY Seo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seo JY, Choi SH, Chun J, Lee C, Choi JM, Jin EH, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of endoscopically resected colorectal cancers that arose from sessile serrated adenomas and traditional serrated adenomas. Intest Res. 2016;14(3):270\u20139.","journal-title":"Intest Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4388_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.006","volume":"161","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Y, Li Y, Giovannucci E. Potential impact of time trend of lifestyle risk factors on burden of major gastrointestinal cancers in China. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(6):1830-e418.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3968-z","volume":"18","author":"MJ Gu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gu MJ, Huang QC, Bao CZ, Li YJ, Li XQ, Ye D, et al. Attributable causes of colorectal cancer in China. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):38.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"4388_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","volume":"16","author":"N Keum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(12):713\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4388_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roshandel G, Ghasemi-Kebria F, Malekzadeh R. Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk Factors, and prevention. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(8):1530 .","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081530"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.003","volume":"152","author":"L Bailie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bailie L, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG. Lifestyle risk factors for serrated colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(1):92\u2013104.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"4388_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003035","volume":"119","author":"SD Crockett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crockett SD, Shaukat A, Delau O, Stoffel EM, Church TR, Syngal S, et al. Risk factors for serrated polyps: results from a large, multicenter colonoscopy-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024;119(12):2532\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4388_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.041","volume":"157","author":"SD Crockett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crockett SD, Nagtegaal ID, Terminology. Molecular Features, Epidemiology, and management of serrated colorectal neoplasia. Gastroenterology. 2019;157(4):949\u2013e664.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4388_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-1226","volume":"31","author":"SD Crockett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crockett SD, Barry EL, Mott LA, Snover DC, Wallace K, Baron JA. Predictors of incident serrated polyps: results from a large multicenter clinical trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022;31(5):1058\u201367.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"9","key":"4388_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v9.i9.464","volume":"9","author":"Y Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu Y, Mullin A, Stoita A. Clinical predictors for sessile serrated polyposis syndrome: a case control study. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;9(9):464\u201370.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"4388_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E472","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1333-1776","volume":"9","author":"J Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang J, Chan PSF, Pang TWY, Choi P, Chen X, Lok V, Zheng ZJ, Wong MCS. Rate of detection of serrated lesions at colonoscopy in an average-risk population: a meta-analysis of 129,001 individuals. Endosc Int Open. 2021;9(3):E472\u201381.","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"4388_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066252","volume":"9","author":"Y Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou Y, Wang SF, Zhou K, Dai SX. Comparison and recommendation of dietary patterns based on nutrients for Eastern and Western patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1066252.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"4388_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133692","volume":"467","author":"M Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang M, Han J, Ma Q, Chen X, Xu R, Wang Q, et al. Nicotine-derived NNK promotes CRC progression through activating TMUB1\/AKT pathway in METTL14\/YTHDF2-mediated m6A manner. J Hazard Mater. 2024;467:133692.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"4388_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282204","volume":"18","author":"M Nishio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nishio M, Kunisaki R, Shibata W, Ajioka Y, Hirasawa K, Takase A, et al. Serrated polyps in patients with ulcerative colitis: unique clinicopathological and biological characteristics. PLoS One. 2023;18(2):e0282204.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"4388_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2446-y","volume":"67","author":"B Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen B, Zeng G, Sun L, Jiang C. When smoke meets gut: deciphering the interactions between tobacco smoking and gut microbiota in disease development. Sci China Life Sci. 2024;67(5):854\u201364.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00328-6","volume":"8","author":"J Avelar-Barragan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Avelar-Barragan J, DeDecker L, Lu ZN, Coppedge B, Karnes WE, Whiteson KL. Distinct colon mucosa microbiomes associated with tubular adenomas and serrated polyps. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022;8(1):69.","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"4388_CR22","first-page":"491","volume":"33","author":"W Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng W, Changlu L, Sriram S, Liu J. Understanding the interaction between prostaglandins and Toll-Like receptors in Nicotine-Induced rectal tumor in animals. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2022;33(6):491\u20136.","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4388_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang YM, Wei PL, Ho CH, Yeh CC. Cigarette smoking associated with colorectal cancer survival: A Nationwide, Population-Based cohort study. J Clin Med. 2022;11(4):913 .","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040913"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01549-2","volume":"22","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Z, Huang Y, Zhang R, Zheng C, You F, Wang M, et al. Sex differences in colorectal cancer: with a focus on sex hormone-gut microbiome axis. Cell Commun Signal. 2024;22(1):167.","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"4388_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1458033","volume":"14","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Z, Sun Y, Huang W, Jin Z, You F, Li X, et al. Direct and indirect effects of estrogens, androgens and intestinal microbiota on colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024;14:1458033.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4388_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.07.004","volume":"41","author":"YL Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou YL, Hong J. Gut microbiota: guardians of the female gut health. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(8):1392\u20134.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"4388_CR27","volume":"49","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Li H, Guo F, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Alcohol consumption, polygenic risk score, and early- and late-onset colorectal cancer risk. EClinMed. 2022;49:101460.","journal-title":"EClinMed"},{"key":"4388_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114256","volume":"184","author":"T Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu T, Kang K, Xia Y, Deng H, Han B, Han X, et al. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 10 mycotoxins in beer of the Chinese market and exposure estimate. Food Res Int. 2024;184:114256.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP13506","volume":"132","author":"L King","year":"2024","unstructured":"King L, Aplin R, Gill C, Naimi T. A state-of-the-science review of alcoholic beverages and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect. 2024;132(1):16001.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"9","key":"4388_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5207","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.9.5207","volume":"14","author":"RF Tayyem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tayyem RF, Shehadeh IN, Abumweis SS, Bawadi HA, Hammad SS, Bani-Hani KE, Al-Jaberi TM, Alnusair MM. Physical inactivity, water intake and constipation as risk factors for colorectal cancer among adults in Jordan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(9):5207\u201312.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"9","key":"4388_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2024.2374042","volume":"76","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Pan S, Wang J, Chang Z, Xiong H, Ding K, et al. Dietary factors and the risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Cancer. 2024;76(9):849\u201360.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab312","volume":"152","author":"T Vanhaecke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vanhaecke T, Bretin O, Poirel M, Tap J. Drinking water source and intake are associated with distinct gut microbiota signatures in US and UK populations. J Nutr. 2022;152(1):171\u201382.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"4388_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121241274724","volume":"12","author":"HT Endale","year":"2024","unstructured":"Endale HT, Tesfaye W, Hassen FS, Asrat WB, Temesgen EY, Shibabaw YY, et al. Harmony unveiled: Intricate the interplay of dietary factor, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer-a narrative review. SAGE Open Med. 2024;12:20503121241274724.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"4388_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ungvari Z, Fekete M, Varga P, Lehoczki A, Munk\u00e1csy G, Fekete JT, Bianchini G, Ocana A, Buda A, Ungvari A et al. Association between red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective studies. Geroscience. 2025;47(3):5123\u201340.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01646-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"4388_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa030","volume":"111","author":"D Mosley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mosley D, Su T, Murff HJ, Smalley WE, Ness RM, Zheng W, et al. Meat intake, meat cooking methods, and meat-derived mutagen exposure and risk of sessile serrated lesions. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(6):1244\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4388_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.22097","volume":"23","author":"JH Seok","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seok JH, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Jo HH, Kim EY, Jeong JH, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hemin-aggravated colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. J Vet Sci. 2022;23(5):e74.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"4388_CR37","first-page":"e45324","volume":"15","author":"BP Sivasubramanian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sivasubramanian BP, Dave M, Panchal V, Saifa-Bonsu J, Konka S, Noei F, Nagaraj S, Terpari U, Savani P, Vekaria PH, et al. Comprehensive review of red meat consumption and the risk of cancer. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45324.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4388_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158455","volume":"853","author":"L Ai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ai L, Ma B, Shao S, Zhang L, Zhang L. Heavy metals in Chinese freshwater fish: levels, regional distribution, sources and health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ. 2022;853:158455.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"18","key":"4388_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1914-5","volume":"25","author":"X Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin X, Peng L, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Huo X. Connecting gastrointestinal cancer risk to cadmium and lead exposure in the Chaoshan population of Southeast China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018;25(18):17611\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"4388_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70091","volume":"13","author":"MH Ul Hassan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ul Hassan MH, Shahbaz M, Imran M, Momal U, Naeem H, Mujtaba A, et al. Isoflavones: promising natural agent for cancer prevention and treatment. Food Sci Nutr. 2025;13(3):e70091.","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"4388_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16353","volume":"182","author":"A Kaufman-Szymczyk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaufman-Szymczyk A, Jalmuzna J, Lubecka-Gajewska K. Soy-derived isoflavones as chemo-preventive agents targeting multiple signalling pathways for cancer prevention and therapy. Br J Pharmacol. 2025;182(10):2259\u201386.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4388_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Won Y, Kim HH, Jeong SH, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Heo JD, Seong JK, Ahn MJ, Kim HJ, Kim GS. The effects of iridin and Irigenin on cancer: comparison with Well-Known isoflavones in Breast, Prostate, and gastric cancers. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(6):2390.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062390"},{"key":"4388_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911921","volume":"23","author":"A Sekikawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sekikawa A, Wharton W, Butts B, Veliky CV, Garfein J, Li J, et al. Potential protective mechanisms of S-equol, a metabolite of soy isoflavone by the gut microbiome, on cognitive decline and dementia. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:19.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00625-9","volume":"16","author":"J Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv J, Jin S, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li M, Feng N. Equol: a metabolite of gut microbiota with potential antitumor effects. Gut Pathog. 2024;16(1):35.","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"4388_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang C, Ding K, Xie X, Zhou J, Liu P, Wang S, Fang T, Xu G, Tang C, Hong H. Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2024;16(7):986.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070986"},{"key":"4388_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1390143","volume":"11","author":"W Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng W, Lin X, Zhu M, Ye H, Hu X, Liu X, et al. Association of soy intake and cooking methods with colorectal polyp and adenoma prevalence: findings from the extended Lanxi pre-colorectal cancer cohort (LP3C). Front Nutr. 2024;11:1390143.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1615-7","volume":"17","author":"Y Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Y, Zhang J, Weiss NS, Guo L, Zhang L, Jiang Y, et al. The consumption of chili peppers and the risk of colorectal cancer: a matched case-control study. World J Surg Oncol. 2019;17(1):71.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"4388_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.935865","volume":"9","author":"C Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen C, Zhang M, Zheng X, Lang H. Association between chili pepper consumption and risk of gastrointestinal-tract cancers: a meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2022;9:935865.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa275","volume":"50","author":"WC Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan WC, Millwood IY, Kartsonaki C, Du H, Guo Y, Chen Y, et al. Spicy food consumption and risk of gastrointestinal-tract cancers: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(1):199\u2013211.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"4388_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.934541","volume":"10","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Chen J, Wu X, Zhang X, Hu C, Kang Y, et al. Enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of silibinin and capsaicin combination in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting NF-\u03baB and MAPK activation. Front Chem. 2022;10:934541.","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"key":"4388_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121520","volume":"284","author":"M Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu M, Zhang J, Mu Y, Foda MF, Han H. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin-loaded CaCO(3) nanoparticle for tumor-specific therapy. Biomaterials. 2022;284:121520.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"17","key":"4388_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7906","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45191","volume":"10","author":"C Chiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiang C, Zhang M, Wang D, Xiao T, Zhu L, Chen K, et al. Therapeutic potential of targeting MKK3-p38 axis with capsaicin for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Theranostics. 2020;10(17):7906\u201320.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4388_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10683-6","volume":"28","author":"BFR Caetano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caetano BFR, Tablas MB, Ignoti MG, de Moura NA, Romualdo GR, Barbisan LF, et al. Capsaicin lacks tumor-promoting effects during colon carcinogenesis in a rat model induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(2):2457\u201367.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"4388_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117799","volume":"183","author":"S Amintas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amintas S, Dupin C, Derieppe MA, Moranvillier I, Lamrissi I, Bourdi\u00e9 C, et al. Resveratrol and capsaicin as safer radiosensitizers for colorectal cancer compared to 5-fluorouracil. Biomed Pharmacother. 2025;183:117799.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"4388_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.34757","volume":"6","author":"D Penz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penz D, Waldmann E, Hackl M, Jiricka L, Rockenbauer LM, Gessl I, et al. Colorectal cancer and precursor lesion prevalence in adults younger than 50 years without symptoms. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(12):e2334757.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"4388_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00841-9","volume":"21","author":"CC Murphy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murphy CC, Zaki TA. Changing epidemiology of colorectal cancer - birth cohort effects and emerging risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;21(1):25\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04388-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04388-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04388-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T17:04:19Z","timestamp":1764176659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04388-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04388-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval No. BF2021-181-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"837"}}