{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T03:16:44Z","timestamp":1770175004154,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Baoding City,Hebei Province","award":["2541ZF067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2541ZF067"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04474-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:15:53Z","timestamp":1767622553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced SNHG16 promotes sepsis-induced intestinal injury via the miR-15a-5p\/AKT3 axis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Junna","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Hai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mali","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533617695243","volume":"32","author":"AM Taeb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taeb AM, Hooper MH, Marik PE. Sepsis. Current definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32(3):296\u2013308.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"4474_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000182999.95340.C3","volume":"33","author":"MA Haseeb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haseeb MA, Salwen MJ. Collateral damage: sepsis-induced gut injury. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(10):2439\u201340.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4474_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1178-5","volume":"46","author":"SF Assimakopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Assimakopoulos SF, Triantos C, Thomopoulos K, Fligou F, Maroulis I, Marangos M, et al. Gut-origin sepsis in the critically ill patient: pathophysiology and treatment. Infection. 2018;46(6):751\u201360.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00662-1","volume":"25","author":"K Nemeth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nemeth K, Bayraktar R, Ferracin M, Calin GA. Non-coding RNAs in disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Nat Rev Genet. 2024;25(3):211\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"4474_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","volume":"22","author":"L Statello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Statello L, Guo CJ, Chen LL, Huarte M. Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22(2):96\u2013118.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4474_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24516","volume":"36","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang C, Huang Q, He F. Correlation of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 with acute respiratory distress syndrome occurrence and prognosis in sepsis patients. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(7):e24516.","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"4474_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.105","volume":"106","author":"W Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang W, Lou C, Gao J, Zhang X, Du Y. LncRNA SNHG16 reverses the effects of miR-15a\/16 on LPS-induced inflammatory pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:1661\u20137.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01552-0","volume":"21","author":"J Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun J, Xin K, Leng C, Ge J. Down-regulation of SNHG16 alleviates the acute lung injury in sepsis rats through miR-128-3p\/HMGB3 axis. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):191.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4474_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12520","volume":"38","author":"M Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu M, Xie D, Hu CY, Cui Y. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 reduces sepsis-induced myocardial damage by regulating miR-421\/suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):517\u201329.","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"4474_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3378-5_21","volume":"1402","author":"MD Paraskevopoulou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paraskevopoulou MD, Hatzigeorgiou AG. Analyzing MiRNA-LncRNA interactions. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton NJ). 2016;1402:271\u201386.","journal-title":"Methods in molecular biology. (Clifton NJ)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4474_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00611-y","volume":"24","author":"R Shang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shang R, Lee S, Senavirathne G, Lai EC. Micrornas in action: biogenesis, function and regulation. Nat Rev Genet. 2023;24(12):816\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"4474_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27486","volume":"234","author":"K Saliminejad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saliminejad K, Khorram Khorshid HR, Soleymani Fard S, Ghaffari SH. An overview of micrornas: biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(5):5451\u201365.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.014","volume":"146","author":"L Salmena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salmena L, Poliseno L, Tay Y, Kats L, Pandolfi PP. A cerna hypothesis: the Rosetta stone of a hidden RNA. language? Cell. 2011;146(3):353\u20138.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"4474_CR14","first-page":"3060","volume":"19","author":"Y Lou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lou Y, Huang Z. MicroRNA-15a-5p participates in sepsis by regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages and targeting TNIP2. Exp Ther Med. 2020;19(4):3060\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"otaa003","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otaa003","volume":"2","author":"CT Wohnhaas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wohnhaas CT, Schmid R, Rolser M, Kaaru E, Langgartner D, Rieber K, et al. Fecal micrornas show promise as noninvasive crohn\u2019s disease biomarkers. Crohn\u2019s Colitis 360. 2020;2(1):otaa003.","journal-title":"Crohn\u2019s Colitis 360"},{"key":"4474_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110517","volume":"101","author":"J Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng J, Wang H, Liang Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Yan Y, et al. miR-15a-5p enhances the malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells through the STAT3\/TWIST1 and PTEN\/AKT signaling pathways by targeting SIRT4. Cell Signal. 2023;101:110517.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"4474_CR17","unstructured":"Alderman C, Yang Y. The anti-melanoma activity and oncogenic targets of hsa-miR-15a-5p. RNA & disease (Houston. Tex). 2016;3(4)."},{"issue":"12","key":"4474_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0286-x","volume":"99","author":"J Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi J, Yu J, Zhang Y, Wu L, Dong S, Wu L, et al. PI3K\/Akt pathway-mediated HO-1 induction regulates mitochondrial quality control and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Lab Invest. 2019;99(12):1795\u2013809.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"22","key":"4474_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2022.2100682","volume":"21","author":"F Izadparast","year":"2022","unstructured":"Izadparast F, Riahi-Zajani B, Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Protective effect of berberine against LPS-induced injury in the intestine: a review. Cell Cycle (Georgetown Tex). 2022;21(22):2365\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell Cycle (Georgetown Tex)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4474_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110937","volume":"39","author":"AS Meena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meena AS, Shukla PK, Bell B, Giorgianni F, Caires R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Pe\u00f1a C, et al. TRPV6 channel mediates alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and systemic response. Cell Rep. 2022;39(11):110937.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3608","volume":"14","author":"LW Peterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peterson LW, Artis D. Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(3):141\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09535-7","volume":"24","author":"T Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang T, Xu S, Zhang L, Yang T, Fan X, Zhu C, et al. Identification of immune-related LncRNA in sepsis by construction of CeRNA network and integrating bioinformatic analysis. BMC Genomics. 2023;24(1):484.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4474_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15034","volume":"9","author":"R Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu R, Wang Y, Liang Q, Xu Y, Yusf AE, Sun L. Identification of potential biomarkers and pathways for sepsis using RNA sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis. Heliyon. 2023;9(4):e15034.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02738-1","volume":"59","author":"XB Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei XB, Jiang WQ, Zeng JH, Huang LQ, Ding HG, Jing YW, et al. Exosome-derived LncRNA NEAT1 exacerbates Sepsis-Associated encephalopathy by promoting ferroptosis through regulating miR-9-5p\/TFRC and GOT1 axis. Mol Neurobiol. 2022;59(3):1954\u201369.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"4474_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17358","volume":"26","author":"R Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang R, Niu Z, Liu J, Dang X, Feng H, Sun J, et al. LncRNA SNHG1 promotes sepsis-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression via DNMT1. J Cell Mol Med. 2022;26(13):3648\u201358.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"4474_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association Declaration","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration. Of helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"4474_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0289","volume":"315","author":"M Shankar-Hari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shankar-Hari M, Phillips GS, Levy ML, Seymour CW, Liu VX, Deutschman CS, et al. Developing a new definition and assessing new clinical criteria for septic shock: for the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):775\u201387.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2459-y","volume":"38","author":"A Reintam Blaser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reintam Blaser A, Malbrain ML, Starkopf J, Fruhwald S, Jakob SM, De Waele J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM working group on abdominal problems. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):384\u201394.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-022-00283-7","volume":"6","author":"C Badowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badowski C, He B, Garmire LX. Blood-derived lncRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: the good, the bad and the beauty. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2022;6(1):40.","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"4474_CR30","unstructured":". !!! INVALID CITATION !!! (30-33)."},{"issue":"8","key":"4474_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10 Pt B","key":"4474_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.03.005","volume":"1863","author":"KT Fay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fay KT, Ford ML, Coopersmith CM. The intestinal microenvironment in sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2017;1863(10 Pt B):2574\u201383.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4474_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8","volume":"24","author":"JS Mattick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mattick JS, Amaral PP, Carninci P, Carpenter S, Chang HY, Chen LL, et al. Long non-coding rnas: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24(6):430\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4474_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270711","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270711","volume":"17","author":"M Rababa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rababa M, Bani Hamad D, Hayajneh AA. Sepsis assessment and management in critically ill adults: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2022;17(7):e0270711.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"4474_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.10.001","volume":"11","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang S. Long non-coding rnas: from disease code to drug role. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021;11(2):340\u201354.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"4474_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106875","volume":"88","author":"F Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu F, Hu S, Zhao N, Shao Q, Li Y, Jiang R, et al. LncRNA-5657 silencing alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury by suppressing the expression of spinster homology protein 2. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;88:106875.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4474_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvab008","volume":"169","author":"M Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang M, Wei J, Shang F, Zang K, Zhang P. Down-regulation of LncRNA SNHG5 relieves sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by regulating the miR-374a-3p\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway. J Biochem. 2021;169(5):575\u201383.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1629235","volume":"11","author":"M Stephens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stephens M, von der Weid PY. Lipopolysaccharides modulate intestinal epithelial permeability and inflammation in a species-specific manner. Gut Microbes. 2020;11(3):421\u201332.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4474_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2024.8765","author":"L Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao L, Kan Y, Wang L, Pan J, Li Y, Zhu H, et al. Roles of long non\u2013coding RNA SNHG16 in human digestive system cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/or.2024.8765.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00743-9","volume":"26","author":"D Ke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ke D, Wang Q, Ke S, Zou L, Wang Q. Long-non coding RNA SNHG16 supports colon cancer cell growth by modulating miR-302a-3p\/AKT axis. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26(3):1605\u201313.","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02002-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu H, Niu M, Wang Y, Xu R, Guo Y, et al. Roles of long noncoding RNAs in human inflammatory diseases. Cell Death Discov. 2024;10(1):235.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5021","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2026861","volume":"13","author":"X Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao X, Ma J, Li S. Mechanism of LncRNA SNHG16 in oxidative stress and inflammation in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced SK-N-SH cells. Bioengineered. 2022;13(3):5021\u201334.","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"issue":"5","key":"4474_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000217334.30689.3e","volume":"12","author":"KL Edelblum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Edelblum KL, Yan F, Yamaoka T, Polk DB. Regulation of apoptosis during homeostasis and disease in the intestinal epithelium. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12(5):413\u201324.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"4474_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7432797","volume":"2016","author":"T Hussain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hussain T, Tan B, Yin Y, Blachier F, Tossou MC, Rahu N. Oxidative stress and inflammation: what polyphenols can do for us? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:7432797.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4474_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-014-0189-7","volume":"14","author":"SC Bischoff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bischoff SC, Barbara G, Buurman W, Ockhuizen T, Schulzke JD, Serino M, et al. Intestinal permeability\u2013a new target for disease prevention and therapy. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:189.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4474_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4279039","volume":"2021","author":"N Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang N, Liu K, Yang M, Gao X. CeRNAs in cancer: mechanism and functions in a comprehensive regulatory network. J Oncol. 2021;2021:4279039.","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"4474_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2017.11.003","volume":"637","author":"H Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu H, Zeng Y, Zhou CC, Ye W. SNHG16\/miR-216-5p\/ZEB1 signal pathway contributes to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2018;637:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"8","key":"4474_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.40319","volume":"11","author":"W Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu W, Guo L, Liang Z, Liu Y, Yao Z. Lnc-SNHG16\/miR-128 axis modulates malignant phenotype through WNT\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in cervical cancer cells. J Cancer. 2020;11(8):2201\u201312.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"4474_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798713","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.798713","volume":"12","author":"S Ghafouri-Fard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Arefian N. Regulatory role of non-coding RNAs on immune responses during sepsis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:798713.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0046522","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00465-22","volume":"91","author":"QJ Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu QJ, Wang J, Li Y, Bai ZJ, Guo XB, Pan T. PRKCA promotes mitophagy through the miR-15a-5p\/PDK4 axis to relieve Sepsis-Induced acute lung injury. Infect Immun. 2023;91(1):e0046522.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2019.1669460","volume":"41","author":"G Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu G, Mo L, Wu C, Shen X, Dong H, Yu L, et al. The miR-15a-5p-XIST-CUL3 regulatory axis is important for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Ren Fail. 2019;41(1):955\u201366.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"46","key":"4474_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5234","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i46.5234","volume":"24","author":"WJ Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang WJ, Peng KY, Tang ZF, Wang YH, Xue AJ, Huang Y. MicroRNA-15a - cell division cycle 42 signaling pathway in pathogenesis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(46):5234\u201345.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4474_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.001","volume":"169","author":"BD Manning","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manning BD, Toker A. AKT\/PKB signaling: navigating the network. Cell. 2017;169(3):381\u2013405.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-03893-6","volume":"26","author":"T Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan T, Sun S, Chen Y, Tian R, Chen E, Tan R, et al. Immune effects of PI3K\/Akt\/HIF-1\u03b1-regulated glycolysis in polymorphonuclear neutrophils during sepsis. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):29.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4474_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175930","volume":"955","author":"X Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han X, Liu X, Zhao X, Wang X, Sun Y, Qu C, et al. Dapagliflozin ameliorates sepsis-induced heart injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and electrical remodeling through the PI3K\/Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2023;955:175930.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4474_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111063","volume":"124Pt B","author":"J Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian J, Li Y, Mao X, Xie K, Zheng Y, Yu Y, et al. Effects of the PI3K\/Akt\/HO-1 pathway on autophagy in a sepsis-induced acute lung injury mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;124Pt B:111063.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"4474_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102469","volume":"56","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Cen L, Zhang X, Tang C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, et al. MPST deficiency promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and aggravates inflammatory bowel disease via AKT. Redox Biol. 2022;56:102469.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4474_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-024-00392-z","volume":"21","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ji T, Jiang H, Chen M, Liu W, Zhang Z, et al. Emodin alleviates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through antioxidant stress, anti-inflammatory responses and anti-apoptosis effects via Akt-mediated HO-1 upregulation. J Inflamm. 2024;21(1):25.","journal-title":"J Inflamm"},{"issue":"7","key":"4474_CR59","first-page":"1120","volume":"11","author":"C Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang C, Su L, Huang L, Song ZY. GSK3\u03b2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and PI3K\/Akt pathways. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018;11(7):1120\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4474_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2011.03.010","volume":"1813","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK, Akt. FoxO and regulation of apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1813(11):1978\u201386.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"4474_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00326-X","volume":"3","author":"SR Datta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Datta SR, Ranger AM, Lin MZ, Sturgill JF, Ma YC, Cowan CW, et al. Survival factor-mediated BAD phosphorylation raises the mitochondrial threshold for apoptosis. Dev Cell. 2002;3(5):631\u201343.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"34","key":"4474_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30935","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201919200","volume":"277","author":"M Sharma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sharma M, Chuang WW, Sun Z. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt stimulates androgen pathway through GSK3beta inhibition and nuclear beta-catenin accumulation. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(34):30935\u201341.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"4474_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22592","volume":"295","author":"S Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang S, Li Y, Wu Y, Shi K, Bing L, Hao J. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway upregulates c-Myc expression to promote cell proliferation of P19 teratocarcinoma cells. Anat Record (Hoboken NJ: 2007). 2012;295(12):2104\u201313.","journal-title":"Anat Record (Hoboken NJ: 2007)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4474_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55972","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055972","volume":"8","author":"SH Ramirez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramirez SH, Fan S, Dykstra H, Rom S, Mercer A, Reichenbach NL, et al. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 promotes tight junction stability in brain endothelial cells by half-life extension of occludin and claudin-5. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55972.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"4474_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06117-z","volume":"14","author":"A Bassot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bassot A, Dragic H, Haddad SA, Moindrot L, Odouard S, Corlazzoli F, et al. Identification of a miRNA multi-targeting therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(9):630.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04474-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04474-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04474-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T14:04:11Z","timestamp":1770127451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04474-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04474-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by The Ethics Committee of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University and followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. In addition, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"91"}}