{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:37:29Z","timestamp":1790707049419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017951","name":"Health Commission of Qinghai Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-wjzdx-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-wjzdx-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qinghai Province \u201cKunlun Talents - High-end Innovation and Entrepreneurial Talents\u201d in 2021","award":["Qing Talent Word [2021] No. 13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qing Talent Word [2021] No. 13"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Applied Basic Research of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2022-ZJ-747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-ZJ-747"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04479-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T05:35:23Z","timestamp":1765949723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A retrospective study on the efficacy of ex vivo liver resection combined with autologous liver transplantation in treating advanced alveolar echinococcosis at high altitude"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Bo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Guo","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4479_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.018","volume":"55","author":"M Piarroux","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piarroux M, Piarroux R, Giorgi R, et al. Clinical features and evolution of alveolar echinococcosis in France from 1982 to 2007: results of a survey in 387 patients. J Hepatol. 2011;55(5):1025\u201333.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4479_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000722","volume":"4","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torgerson PR, Keller K, Magnotta M, et al. The global burden of alveolar echinococcosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(6):e722.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4479_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01325-2","volume":"47","author":"S Baumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baumann S, Shi R, Liu W, et al. Worldwide literature on epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis: a systematic review of research published in the twenty-first century. Infection. 2019;47(5):703\u201327.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"4479_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05731-2","volume":"16","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Suolang L, Ren Y, et al. Can contrast-enhanced ultrasound differentiate the type of hepatic echinococcosis: cystic echinococcosis or alveolar echinococcosis? Parasit Vectors. 2023;16(1):131.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"9392","key":"4479_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14573-4","volume":"362","author":"DP Mcmanus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mcmanus DP, Zhang W, Li J, et al. Echinococcosis. Lancet. 2003;362(9392):1295\u2013304.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"31","key":"4479_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i31.4351","volume":"28","author":"Y Maimaitinijiati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maimaitinijiati Y, Aji T, Jiang TM, et al. Approaches to reconstruction of inferior vena cava by ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation in 114 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(31):4351\u201362.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"40","key":"4479_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6939","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i40.6939","volume":"27","author":"J Schuhbaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schuhbaur J, Schweizer M, Philipp J, et al. Long-term follow-up of liver alveolar echinococcosis using echinococcosis multilocularis ultrasound classification. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(40):6939\u201350.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4479_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021001","volume":"28","author":"L Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan L, Ran B, Aji T, et al. Laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Parasite. 2021;28:5.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"13","key":"4479_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i13.1448","volume":"18","author":"G Nunnari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nunnari G. Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(13):1448.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4479_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","volume":"32","author":"H Wen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, et al. Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32(2):e00075-18.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"4479_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.006","volume":"113","author":"T Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li T, Chen X, Zhen R, et al. Widespread co-endemicity of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, northwest Sichuan\/southeast Qinghai, China. Acta Trop. 2010;113(3):248\u201356.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4479_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05480-8","volume":"15","author":"LY Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang LY, Qin M, Gavotte L, et al. Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China. Parasit Vectors. 2022;15(1):385.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"4479_CR13","first-page":"449","volume":"7","author":"C Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao C, Ye CJ, Guo YM, et al. Analysis of complications after autologous liver transplantation for alveolar echinococcosis in plateau areas [J]. Organ Transpl. 2016;7(6):449\u201353.","journal-title":"Organ Transpl"},{"issue":"2","key":"4479_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13465","volume":"16","author":"H Wen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wen H, Dong JH, Zhang JH, et al. Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation for end-stage alveolar echinococcosis: a case series. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(2):615\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"4479_CR15","first-page":"1963","volume":"37","author":"X Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng X, Yangdan Cairang, Zhang LQ, et al. Current status of surgical treatment for alveolar echinococcosis [J]. J Clin Hepatol. 2021;37(8):1963\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Hepatol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4479_CR16","first-page":"2813","volume":"124","author":"H WEN","year":"2011","unstructured":"WEN H, DONG J H, ZHANG JH, et al. Ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis[J]. Chin Med J. 2011;124(18):2813\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"4479_CR17","unstructured":"Wen H, Huang JF, Zhang JH et al. Ex vivo liver resection and autologous liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report. Chin J Surg. 2006;(9):642\u20134."},{"issue":"5","key":"4479_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.07.006","volume":"69","author":"T AJI","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aji T, Dong J H, Shao Y M, et al. Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation as an alternative to allotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis[J]. J Hepatol. 2018;69(5):1037\u201346.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4479_CR19","first-page":"39","volume":"21","author":"CHINA Multidisciplinary Expert Task Force for Alveolar Echinococcosis","year":"2024","unstructured":"China Multidisciplinary Expert Task Force for Alveolar Echinococcosis. Diagnosis and treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a multidisciplinary expert consensus from Sichuan provincial people\u2019s hospital [J]. J Practical Clin Med. 2024;21(6):39\u201345.","journal-title":"J Practical Clin Med"},{"key":"4479_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deplazes P,\u00a0Rinaldi L, Alvarez Rojas CA et al. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis[M\/OL]\/\/Advances in parasitology: 95. Elsevier, 2025;2017:315\u2013493. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065308X1630104X.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.001"},{"key":"4479_CR21","unstructured":"Wei-Ping W, Hu W. Qian W, A nationwide sampling survey on echinococcosis in China during. 2018;36(1)."},{"issue":"10","key":"4479_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-4022-4","volume":"23","author":"S Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen S, Qiu Y, Yang X, et al. Remnant liver-to-standard liver volume ratio below 40% is safe in ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23(10):1964\u201372.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4479_CR23","first-page":"18","volume":"27","author":"XW Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang XW. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of complex hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (2020 edition). Chinese Journal of Bases and Clinics in General Surgery. 2020;27(1):18\u201323.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Bases and Clinics in General Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"4479_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-184","volume":"9","author":"C Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang C, Yang HJ, Deng SP, et al. Current status of ex-vivo liver resection and autologous liver transplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(4):2271\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4479_CR25","first-page":"231","volume":"74","author":"Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. WHO informal working group on echinococcosis[J]. Bull World Health Organ. 1996;74(3):231\u201342.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4479_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.33699\/PIS.2019.98.4.167-173","volume":"98","author":"H KRISTIANOVA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kristianova H, Kolarova L, Krska Z. Surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: a single centre experience and systematic review of the literature. Rozhledy V Chirurgii: Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chirurgicke Spolecnosti. 2019;98(4):167\u201373.","journal-title":"Rozhledy V Chirurgii: Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chirurgicke Spolecnosti"},{"issue":"5","key":"4479_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.07.006","volume":"69","author":"T Aji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aji T, Dong JH, Shao YM, et al. Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation as alternative to allotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69(5):1037\u201346.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4479_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-003-0394-2","volume":"388","author":"S Bresson-Hadni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bresson-Hadni S, Koch S, Miguet JP, et al. Indications and results of liver transplantation for echinococcus alveolar infection: an overview. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2003;388(4):231\u20138.","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4479_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.506","volume":"43","author":"RW Ammann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ammann RW, Hirsbrunner R, Cotting J, et al. Recurrence rate after discontinuation of long-term mebendazole therapy in alveolar echinococcosis (preliminary results). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990;43(5):506\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4479_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.06.013","volume":"47","author":"C Pang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pang C, Chu YK. Recurrence of liver transplantation combined with lung and diaphragm resection for alveolar echinococcosis: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2015;47(7):2278\u201381.","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"8","key":"4479_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24195","volume":"21","author":"B Aydinli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aydinli B, Ozturk G, Arslan S, et al. Liver transplantation for alveolar echinococcosis in an endemic region. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(8):1096\u2013102.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"4479_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.11.007","volume":"165","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Yang X, Shen S, et al. Vascular infiltration-based surgical planning in treating end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis with ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation. Surgery. 2019;165(5):889\u201396.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"4479_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14621","volume":"18","author":"X Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang X, Qiu Y, Huang B, et al. Novel techniques and preliminary results of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a study of 31 cases. Am J Transplant. 2018;18(7):1668\u201379.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"4479_CR34","volume-title":"Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and management of complications after liver transplantation (2019 edition) [M]","author":"KS Tao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tao KS. Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and management of complications after liver transplantation (2019 edition) [M]. Beijing: People\u2019s Medical Publishing House; 2019."},{"issue":"3","key":"4479_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2376","volume":"64","author":"Y LI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Huang Q, Zeng X, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin in high-altitude and plain patients with hyperlipidemia [J]. J Clin Pharmacol. 2024;64(3):345\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4479_CR36","first-page":"1337","volume":"38","author":"Expression of EPO and related factors","year":"2023","unstructured":"Expression of EPO and related factors. In the liver and kidney of plain and Tibetan sheep[J]. Histol Histopathol. 2023;38(11):1337\u201347.","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4479_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230197","volume":"15","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhao A, et al. Effects of intestinal flora on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aspirin in high-altitude hypoxia. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230197.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4479_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.016","volume":"79","author":"S Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen S, Kong J, Qiu Y, et al. Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation versus allotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;79:87\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04479-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04479-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04479-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:19:26Z","timestamp":1768994366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04479-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04479-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Qinghai Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Approval No. (2023)-110. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication has been obtained. All patient information in this manuscript has been de-identified to ensure anonymity. Informed consent has been obtained from the participating patients or their legal guardians for the publication of any potentially identifiable personal images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"48"}}