{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T14:06:14Z","timestamp":1767708374748,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007632","name":"Changhua Christian Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-CCH-IRP-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-CCH-IRP-012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007632","name":"Changhua Christian Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(113-CCH-IRP-007 and 114-CCH-IRP-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(113-CCH-IRP-007 and 114-CCH-IRP-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04500-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:45:22Z","timestamp":1764679522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of carbonated water on esophageal high-resolution manometry metrics: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3494-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsu-Heng","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4500_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.289","volume":"162","author":"DA Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel DA, Yadlapati R, V MF. Esophageal motility disorders: current approach to diagnostics and therapeutics. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(6):1617\u201334.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4500_CR2","first-page":"291","volume":"102","author":"JM Wilkinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilkinson JM, Halland M. Esophageal motility disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2020;102(5):291\u20136.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"9","key":"4500_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.10.029","volume":"18","author":"C Adkins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adkins C, Takakura W, Spiegel BMR, Lu M, Vera-Llonch M, Williams J, Almario CV. Prevalence and characteristics of dysphagia based on a Population-Based survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(9):1970\u20139. e1972.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4500_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.014","volume":"158","author":"SD Delshad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delshad SD, Almario CV, Chey WD, Spiegel BMR. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and proton pump Inhibitor-Refractory symptoms. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(5):1250\u2013e12611252.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4500_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-021-01162-y","volume":"40","author":"K Delay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delay K, Yadlapati R, Pandolfino JE. Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders: past, present, and future. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2021;40(2):120\u201330.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4500_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2005.11.010","volume":"10","author":"N Hamoui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hamoui N, Lord RV, Hagen JA, Theisen J, Demeester TR, Crookes PF. Response of the lower esophageal sphincter to gastric distention by carbonated beverages. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006;10(6):870\u20137.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4500_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04232.x","volume":"31","author":"T Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson T, Gerson L, Hershcovici T, Stave C, Fass R. Systematic review: the effects of carbonated beverages on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(6):607\u201314.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4500_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80034-4","volume":"37","author":"SH Mohammed","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mohammed SH. Dislodgement of impacted oesophageal foreign bodies with carbonated beverages. Clin Radiol. 1986;37(6):589\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4500_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04142.x","volume":"30","author":"R Jones","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones R, Junghard O, Dent J, Vakil N, Halling K, Wernersson B, Lind T. Development of the GerdQ, a tool for the diagnosis and management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(10):1030\u20138.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4500_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00097-8","volume":"16","author":"PC Belafsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Belafsky PC, Postma GN, Koufman JA. Validity and reliability of the reflux symptom index (RSI). J Voice. 2002;16(2):274\u20137.","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"issue":"2","key":"4500_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12477","volume":"27","author":"PJ Kahrilas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Fox M, Gyawali CP, Roman S, Smout AJPM, et al. The Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27(2):160\u201374.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"4500_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mauri M, Elli T, Caviglia G, Uboldi G, Azzi M. RAWGraphs: A Visualisation Platform to Create Open Outputs. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biannual Conference on Italian SIGCHI Chapter. Cagliari, Italy: Association for Computing Machinery; 2017: Article 28.","DOI":"10.1145\/3125571.3125585"},{"issue":"3","key":"4500_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01416.x","volume":"22","author":"S Roman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roman S, Damon H, Pellissier PE, Mion F. Does body position modify the results of oesophageal high resolution manometry? Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;22(3):271\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"6","key":"4500_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01682.x","volume":"23","author":"R Sweis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sweis R, Anggiansah A, Wong T, Kaufman E, Obrecht S, Fox M. Normative values and inter-observer agreement for liquid and solid bolus swallows in upright and supine positions as assessed by esophageal high-resolution manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23(6):509\u2013e198.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"4500_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fox MRSR, Yadlapati R, Pandolfino J, Hani A, Defilippi C, Jan T. N. R: Chicago classification version 4.0\u00a9 technical review: update on standard high-resolution manometry protocol for the assessment of esophageal motility. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(4):e14120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14120","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14120"},{"issue":"11","key":"4500_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.01.024","volume":"17","author":"JR Triggs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Triggs JR, Carlson DA, Beveridge C, Jain A, Tye MY, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE. Upright integrated relaxation pressure facilitates characterization of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(11):2218\u2013e22262212.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4500_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i4.411","volume":"25","author":"S Samo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samo S, Qayed E. Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction: where are we now in diagnosis and management? World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(4):411\u20137.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4500_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01714-w","volume":"38","author":"FAM Herbella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herbella FAM, Del Grande LM, Schlottmann F, Patti MG. Changes in the treatment of primary esophageal motility disorders imposed by the new classification for esophageal motility disorders on high resolution manometry (Chicago classification 4.0). Adv Therapy. 2021;38(5):2017\u201326.","journal-title":"Adv Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"4500_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.26.455","volume":"26","author":"T Shingai","year":"1976","unstructured":"Shingai T, Shimada K, REFLEX SWALLOWING ELICITED BY WATER AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES APPLIED IN THE ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, AND LARYNX OF THE RABBIT. Jpn J Physiol. 1976;26(5):455\u201369.","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"4500_CR20","unstructured":"RK M. Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and its Sphincters. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2011. Central Mechanism of Peristalsis\u2014Cortical and Brain Stem Control; 2011."},{"issue":"3","key":"4500_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/25.3.277","volume":"25","author":"JM Dessirier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dessirier JM, Simons CT, Carstens MI, O\u2019Mahony M, Carstens E. Psychophysical and neurobiological evidence that the oral sensation elicited by carbonated water is of chemogenic origin. Chem Senses. 2000;25(3):277\u201384.","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"1","key":"4500_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25926-4","volume":"12","author":"A Saiki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saiki A, Yoshimi K, Nakagawa K, Nagasawa Y, Yoshizawa A, Yanagida R, Yamaguchi K, Nakane A, Maeda K, Tohara H. Effects of thickened carbonated cola in older patients with dysphagia. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):22151.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04500-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04500-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04500-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1767708150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04500-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04500-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-230X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Changhua Christian Hospital Protocol code 230409. The consent to participate was waived by the ethics committee that approved our study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}