{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:53:42Z","timestamp":1769561622558,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all primary liver cancers resulting in approximately 830,000 deaths in 2020, making HCC the sixth most common cancer globally. Several members of the Melanoma Antigen Gene (MAGE) family, such as MAGE-A1 and A3 genes of the MAGE I-A subfamily, are abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers including melanomas, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gliomas, HCC, prostate, and breast cancers. In addition, they have been linked to tumor stemness and, therefore, may predict therapeutic response and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim of the study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the expression pattern of MAGE-A1 and A3 genes in HCC patients and to evaluate their prognostic value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective four-year case-control study was conducted from 2020 to 2024 on 95 subjects classified into three groups. Group (A): Fifty patients with HCC developed on top of hepatitis C virus (HCV) - induced liver cirrhosis, Group (B): 30 patients with post-HCV liver cirrhosis and Group (C): 15 healthy control subjects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of MAGE-A1 and A3 genes in peripheral blood sample after peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolation. Patients were followed up over 2 years duration for assessment of treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At cutoff levels 11.54 and 11.39 MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3, respectively, could distinguish HCC from liver cirrhosis with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.781 and 0.966, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.001). Regarding treatment response, MAGE-A1 and A3 showed significantly higher expression in patients with progressive disease (16.16 and 17.79, respectively) compared to complete response patients (9.21 and 13.25, respectively). Finally, when assessing overall survival (OS) in HCC patients multivariate analysis showed that independent factors for shorter OS were increased MAGE-A1 (HR: 9.407, P: 0.048), high MAGE-A3 (HR: 9.199, P: 0.042) and elevation of both alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and MAGE-A3 (HR: 10.681, P: 0.039).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MAGE-A1 and A3 genes can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in HCC patients predicting therapeutic response and overall survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04574-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:16:32Z","timestamp":1769044592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Melanoma antigen genes A1 and A3 as predictors of treatment response and survival in HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hoda","family":"Elgamal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Elhammady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salwa M. Abo","family":"El-Khair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"El-Badrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hatem","family":"El Alfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","volume":"77","author":"H Rumgay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, Lesi O, Cabasag CJ, Vignat J, Laversanne M, McGlynn KA, Soerjomataram I. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1598\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4574_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660.","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"4574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21492.","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"4574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence","year":"2021","unstructured":"GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence. And mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660.","journal-title":"Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"4574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.10.001","volume":"149","author":"S Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification. Adv Cancer Res. 2021;149:1\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.10.001.","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4574_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.21608\/jbaar.2024.393371","volume":"10","author":"AA Yameny","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yameny AA. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in egypt: prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and prevention: a review. J Biosci Appl Res. 2024;10(4):879\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jbaar.2024.393371.","journal-title":"J Biosci Appl Res"},{"issue":"5038","key":"4574_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1840703","volume":"254","author":"P van der Bruggen","year":"1991","unstructured":"van der Bruggen P, Traversari C, Chomez P, Lurquin C, De Plaen E, Van den Eynde B, Knuth A, Boon T. A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. Science. 1991;254(5038):1643\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1840703.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"4574_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990315)85:6<1234::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"85","author":"K Tahara","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tahara K, Mori M, Sadanaga N, Sakamoto Y, Kitano S, Makuuchi M. Expression of the MAGE gene family in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 1999;85(6):1234\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990315)85:6%3C1234::AID-CNCR4%3E3.0.CO;2-7.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"4574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1544","volume":"12","author":"C Barrow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barrow C, Browning J, MacGregor D, Davis ID, Sturrock S, Jungbluth AA, Cebon J. Tumor antigen expression in melanoma varies according to antigen and stage. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(3):764\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1544.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4574_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0550-8","volume":"10","author":"Y Lian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lian Y, Meng L, Ding P, Sang M. Epigenetic regulation of MAGE family in human cancer progression-DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Clin Epigenetics. 2018;10(1):115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-018-0550-8.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"4574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-017-9695-6","volume":"28","author":"M De Donato","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Donato M, Peters SO, Hussain T, Rodulfo H, Thomas BN, Babar ME, Imumorin IG. Molecular evolution of type II MAGE genes from ancestral MAGED2 gene and their phylogenetic resolution of basal mammalian clades. Mamm Genome. 2017;28(9):443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00335-017-9695-6.","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"1","key":"4574_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1700\/1430.15817","volume":"100","author":"JJ Grah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grah JJ, Katalinic D, Juretic A, Santek F, Samarzija M. Clinical significance of immunohistochemical expression of cancer\/testis tumor-associated antigens (MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3\/4, NY-ESO-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Tumori J. 2014;100(1):60\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1700\/1430.15817.","journal-title":"Tumori J"},{"issue":"9","key":"4574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04514-z","volume":"149","author":"SN Freiberger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freiberger SN, Holzmann D, Morand GB, H\u00fcllner M, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Koelzer VH, Rupp NJ. Combinational expression of tumor testis antigens NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A4 predicts response to immunotherapy in mucosal melanoma patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023;149(9):5645\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-022-04514-z. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4574_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.10.020","volume":"76","author":"M Reig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, Ferrer-F\u00e0brega J, Burrel M, Garcia-Criado \u00c1, Kelley RK, Galle PR, Mazzaferro V, Salem R, Sangro B. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol. 2022;76(3):681\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.10.020.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4574_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817","volume":"60","author":"RN Pugh","year":"1973","unstructured":"Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973;60(8):646\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800600817.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4574_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","volume":"69","author":"PR Galle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galle PR, Forner A, Llovet JM, Mazzaferro V, Piscaglia F, Raoul JL, Schirmacher P, Vilgrain V. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4574_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lencioni R, Llovet JM, Modified. RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. InSeminars in liver disease 2010 Feb (Vol. 30, No. 01, pp. 052-060). \u00a9 Thieme Medical Publishers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1247132","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247132"},{"issue":"5","key":"4574_CR18","first-page":"110","volume":"8","author":"PB Noble","year":"1967","unstructured":"Noble PB, Cutts JH. Separation of blood leukocytes by Ficoll gradient. Can Veterinary J. 1967;8(5):110. PMCID: PMC1696854.","journal-title":"Can Veterinary J"},{"key":"4574_CR19","unstructured":"Chomczynski P. A reagent for the single-step simultaneous isolation of RNA, DNA and proteins from cell and tissue samples. Biotechniques. 1993;15(3):532-4. PMID: 7692896."},{"issue":"48","key":"4574_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18240","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i48.18240","volume":"20","author":"AA Bahnassy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bahnassy AA, Zekri AR, El-Bastawisy A, Fawzy A, Shetta M, Hussein N, Omran D, Ahmed AA, El-Labbody SS. Circulating tumor and cancer stem cells in hepatitis C virus-associated liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(48):18240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i48.18240.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4574_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2013 \u0394\u0394CT method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001.1262.","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"issue":"4","key":"4574_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","volume":"149","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Pi\u00f1eros M, Znaor A, Bray F. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: an overview. Int J Cancer. 2021;149(4):778\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33588.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"4574_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80223-8","volume":"32","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Higashi T, Nouso K, Nakatsukasa H, Ishizaki M, Kaneyoshi T, Toshikuni N, Kariyama K, Nakayama E, Tsuji T. Expression of MAGE, GAGE and BAGE genes in human liver diseases: utility as molecular markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2000;32(4):612\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80223-8.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4574_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-13476165","volume":"13","author":"YM Hussein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hussein YM, Hashim AA, Alzahrani SS, Alhazmi AS, Hawash YA, Eed EM, Shalaby SM. MAGE genes mRNAs: potential early diagnostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV Saudi patients. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(4):61\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/0853-13476165.","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"issue":"35","key":"4574_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5651","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i35.5651","volume":"12","author":"KH Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim IJ, Ku JL, Park JG. Promoter hypomethylation and reactivation of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3 genes in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(35):5651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v12.i35.5651.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4574_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.034","volume":"160","author":"CT Pineda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pineda CT, Ramanathan S, Tacer KF, Weon JL, Potts MB, Ou YH, White MA, Potts PR. Degradation of AMPK by a cancer-specific ubiquitin ligase. Cell. 2015;160(4):715\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.034.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4574_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.11.005","volume":"208","author":"FA Pascucci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pascucci FA, Escalada MC, Suberbordes M, Vidal C, Ladelfa MF, Monte M. MAGE-I proteins and cancer-pathways: a bidirectional relationship. Biochimie. 2023;208:31\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.11.005.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"6","key":"4574_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.09.026","volume":"112","author":"R Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li R, Gong J, Xiao C, Zhu S, Hu Z, Liang J, Li X, Yan X, Zhang X, Li D, Liu W. A comprehensive analysis of the MAGE family as prognostic and diagnostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Genomics. 2020;112(6):5101\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.09.026.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"15","key":"4574_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151692","volume":"14","author":"S Tologkos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tologkos S, Papadatou V, Mitrakas AG, Pagonopoulou O, Tripsianis G, Alexiadis T, Alexiadi CA, Panagiotopoulos AP, Nikolaidou C, Lambropoulou M. An immunohistochemical study of MAGE proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostics. 2024;14(15):1692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14151692.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4574_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2012.08.006","volume":"14","author":"SH Teama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teama SH, Agwa SH, ElNakeeb NA, Hamid MA, Maher AM, Heidar MM. Multiple molecular markers MAGE-1, MAGE-3 and AFP mRNAs expression nested PCR assay for sensitive and specific detection of circulating hepatoma cells: enhanced detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2013;14(1):21\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2012.08.006.","journal-title":"Egypt J Med Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4574_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600016","volume":"86","author":"DC Mou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mou DC, Cai SL, Peng JR, Wang Y, Chen HS, Pang XW, Leng XS, Chen WF. Evaluation of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 as tumour-specific markers to detect blood dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer. 2002;86(1):110\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600016.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"4574_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.03.005","volume":"429","author":"AK Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee AK, Potts PR. A comprehensive guide to the MAGE family of ubiquitin ligases. J Mol Biol. 2017;429(8):1114\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.03.005.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4574_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-020-00476-5","volume":"24","author":"M Poojary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poojary M, Jishnu PV, Kabekkodu SP. Prognostic value of melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) gene expression in various human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 7428 patients and 44 studies. Mol Diagn Ther. 2020;24(5):537\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40291-020-00476-5.","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"4574_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.04.009","volume":"67","author":"E Schooten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schooten E, Di Maggio A, en Henegouwen PM, Kijanka MM. MAGE-A antigens as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;67:54\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.04.009.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"4574_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109181","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Gao F, He Y, Liu M, Quan Y, Zhang P. DUB3 is a MAGEA3 deubiquitinase and a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109181.","journal-title":"iScience"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04574-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04574-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04574-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:40:27Z","timestamp":1769510427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04574-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04574-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"After obtaining the approval from the Institutional Research Board (IRB) Committee of the Mansoura Faculty of Medicine (MD.20.11.381), a written informed consent was obtained from all included liver cirrhosis and HCC patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"I, as a corresponding author, hereby give my consent for the information\/data\/images collected from me to be published in BMC gastroenterology journal and any related media formats. I understand that this information may be publicly available and that my anonymity cannot be guaranteed if I have agreed to be identified.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no competing interests, except for the following: This research was funded by Mansoura University, postgraduate and research funding sector; the funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"68"}}