{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:51:35Z","timestamp":1769745095365,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04580-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:33:03Z","timestamp":1767421983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of 1-month and 3-month readmission among patients with decompensated advanced chronic liver disease admitted at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: a hospital-based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Happiness J.","family":"Swai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Uiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewaldo","family":"Komba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4580_CR1","first-page":"s60","volume":"18","author":"D Mansour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mansour D, McPherson S. Management of decompensated cirrhosis. Clin Med J R Coll Physicians Lond. 2018;18:s60\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Med J R Coll Physicians Lond"},{"issue":"2","key":"4580_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000026","volume":"7","author":"Y Lan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lan Y, Wang H, Weng H, Xu X, Yu X, Tu H, et al. The burden of liver cirrhosis and underlying etiologies: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Hepatol Commun. 2023;7(2):E0026.","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"4580_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14744","volume":"41","author":"B Surial","year":"2021","unstructured":"Surial B, Wyser D, B\u00e9guelin C, Ram\u00edrez-Mena A, Rauch A, Wandeler G. Prevalence of liver cirrhosis in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(4):710\u20139.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"4580_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spearman CW. The burden of chronic liver disease in west Africa: a time for action. Lancet Glob Heal. 2023;11(9):e1319\u201320. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00345-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00345-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"4580_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00279-0","volume":"9","author":"MW Sonderup","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sonderup MW, Kamath PS, Awuku YA, Desalegn H, Gogela N, Katsidzira L, et al. Managing cirrhosis with limited resources: perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;9(2):170\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4580_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12884","volume":"35","author":"CW Spearman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spearman CW, Sonderup MW. Health disparities in liver disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Liver Int. 2015;35(9):2063\u201371.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"4580_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04298-9","author":"B Taye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taye B, Ayele YY, Achenef DN, Abeje G, Yirdaw AK. Burden and determinants of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients\u202f: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, 2024. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04298-9.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4580_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ou TY, Huy LD, Mayne J, Shih CL, Mai Xuan H, Thi Hong Nguyen N, et al. Global mortality of chronic liver diseases attributable to Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus infections from 1990 to 2019 and projections to 2030. J Infect Public Health. 2024;17(7):1\u201311. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf573","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf573"},{"key":"4580_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elias TP, Shewaye AB, Fisseha H, Nur AM, Berhane KA, Minyilshewa AT, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality among cirrhotic patients in Ethiopia: A multicenter retrospective study. PLoS One. 2025;20(4 April):1\u201312. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322532"},{"key":"4580_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duah A, Agyei-Nkansah A, Osei-Poku F, Duah F, Addo BP. Sociodemographic characteristics, complications requiring hospital admission and causes of in-hospital death in patients with liver cirrhosis admitted at a district hospital in Ghana. PLoS One. 2021;16(6 June):1\u201313. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253759","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253759"},{"key":"4580_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vento S, Dzudzor B, Cainelli F, Tachi K. Liver cirrhosis in sub-Saharan Africa: neglected, yet important. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6(10):e1060\u20131. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30344-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30344-9"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"4580_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04473.x","volume":"32","author":"KM Fleming","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fleming KM, Aithal GP, Card TR, West J. The rate of decompensation and clinical progression of disease in people with cirrhosis: a cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(11\u201312):1343\u201350.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"4580_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8","volume":"5","author":"SG Sepanlou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sepanlou SG, Safiri S, Bisignano C, Ikuta KS, Merat S, Saberifiroozi M, et al. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(3):245\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4580_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001206","volume":"82","author":"F Obradovi\u0107","year":"2025","unstructured":"Obradovi\u0107 F, Vitello DJ, Hasjim BJ, Obayemi J, Polineni P, Gmeiner M, et al. Comparing the cost of cirrhosis to other common chronic diseases: a longitudinal study in a large national insurance database. Hepatology. 2025;82(2):405\u201321.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4580_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28414","volume":"64","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Reddy KR, Tandon P, Wong F, Kamath PS, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. The 3-month readmission rate remains unacceptably high in a large North American cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):200\u20138.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4580_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berman K, Tandra S, Forssell K, Vuppalanch R, Burton JR, Nguyen J, et al. Incidence and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission Among Patients Hospitalized for Advanced Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(3):254\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.10.035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.10.035"},{"issue":"1","key":"4580_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.7859","volume":"18","author":"R Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel R, Poddar P, Choksi D, Pandey V, Ingle M, Khairnar H, et al. Predictors of 1-month and 3-months hospital readmissions in decompensated cirrhosis: a prospective study in a large Asian cohort. Ann Hepatol. 2019;18(1):30\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0012.7859.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4580_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1227","volume":"13","author":"H Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel H, Balar B, Irigela M, Vootla V, Chandrala C, Hashmi H, et al. Risk factors for liver cirrhosis-related readmissions in the largest ethnic minority in United States. Gastroenterol Res. 2020;13(1):11\u20138.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4580_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.314","volume":"107","author":"ML Volk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volk ML, Tocco RS, Bazick J, Rakoski MO, Lok AS. Hospital readmissions among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(2):247\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2011.314.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4580_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1302","volume":"9","author":"T Manohar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manohar T, Lavekar A, Raje D, Sadar A, Manjari KS, Satyanarayana PT. Predictors of three-month hospital readmissions and mortality in patients with cirrhosis of liver. EurAsian J Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2019;9(2):71\u20137.","journal-title":"EurAsian J Hepato-Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4580_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605231223087","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li N, Xu M, Liu SY, Yu MQ, Ruan CF. Risk factors for hospital readmission among patients with cirrhosis and ascites in China: a retrospective observational study. J Int Med Res. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605231223087.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4580_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14054","volume":"39","author":"AA Shaheen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaheen AA, Nguyen HH, Congly SE, Kaplan GG, Swain MG. Nationwide estimates and risk factors of hospital readmission in patients with cirrhosis in the United States. Liver Int. 2019;39(5):878\u201384.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"4580_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1472","volume":"4","author":"S Chirapongsathorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chirapongsathorn S, Poovorawan K, Soonthornworasiri N, Pan-ngum W, Phaosawasdi K, Treeprasertsuk S. Thirty-day readmission and cost analysis in patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide population-based data. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(3):453\u201360.","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"4580_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaspar R, Rodrigues S, Silva M, Costa-Moreira P, Morais R, Andrade P, et al. Predictive models of mortality and hospital readmission of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2019;51(10):1423\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2019.03.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.03.016"},{"issue":"10","key":"4580_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001642","volume":"56","author":"C Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown C, Aksan N, Muir AJ. MELD-Na accurately predicts 6-month mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: potential trigger for hospice referral. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2022;56(10):902\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"30","key":"4580_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i30.4061","volume":"28","author":"P Gallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallo P, Terracciani F, Di Pasquale G, Esposito M, Picardi A, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U. Thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease: physiopathology and new therapeutic strategies before invasive procedures. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(30):4061\u201374.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04580-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04580-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04580-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T14:24:06Z","timestamp":1769696646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04580-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04580-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance to conduct the study was sought from the Institutional Review Board of the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) (reference number MUHAS-REC-06\u20132023-1771). Written informed consent was sought from all participants or their guardians before recruitment into the study. Confidentiality of participant information was guaranteed at all times.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"73"}}