{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:18:44Z","timestamp":1790965124872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-026-04692-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:04:03Z","timestamp":1772582643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Creatinine-to-body weight ratio as an independent predictor of hepatic steatosis severity in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Younas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanghu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuxiu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"4692_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0431","volume":"31","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Kalligeros M, Henry L. Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2025;31(Suppl):S32\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2024.0431.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4692_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07228-3","volume":"67","author":"HD Trivedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trivedi HD, Niezen S, Jiang ZG, Tapper EB. Severe hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter predicts quality of life independent of fibrosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(8):4215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-021-07228-3.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4692_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12520","volume":"12","author":"J Wiegand","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wiegand J, Petroff D, Karlas T. Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease-Clinicians should not underestimate the role of steatosis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2024;12(3):277\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ueg2.12520.","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10576-z","volume":"18","author":"CI Shih","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shih CI, Wu KT, Hsieh MH, et al. Severity of fatty liver is highly correlated with the risk of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(1):138\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-023-10576-z.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"4692_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.09.021","volume":"20","author":"JZK Toh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toh JZK, Pan XH, Tay PWL, et al. A meta-analysis on the global prevalence, risk factors and screening of coronary heart disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(11):2462-2473.e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.09.021.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4692_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17869","volume":"59","author":"M Jamalinia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jamalinia M, Zare F, Noorizadeh K, Bagheri Lankarani K. Systematic review with meta-analysis: steatosis severity and subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;59(4):445\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.17869.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"4692_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e032604","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032604","volume":"13","author":"J Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao J, Li Y, Zhang Y, et al. Severity and remission of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty\/steatotic liver disease with chronic kidney disease occurrence. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13(5):e032604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.032604.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"34","key":"4692_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8126","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i34.8126","volume":"11","author":"MG Suresh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suresh MG, Gogtay M, Singh Y, Yadukumar L, Mishra AK, Abraham GM. Case-control analysis of venous thromboembolism risk in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosed by transient elastography. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(34):8126\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i34.8126.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"4692_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720X2110427","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211042739","volume":"13","author":"GL Erre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Erre GL, Castagna F, Sauchella A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of moderate to severe hepatic steatosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an ultrasonography cross-sectional case-control study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X211042739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759720X211042739.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34042","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34042","volume":"15","author":"A Fialho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fialho A, Fialho A, Ribeiro B, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori and steatosis severity on transient elastography. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e34042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34042.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4692_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808997","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.808997","volume":"10","author":"L Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Yin H, Lin Y, Wu G. Transient elastography in the diagnosis of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its subtypes. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:808997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.808997.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4692_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15127","volume":"42","author":"F Tavaglione","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tavaglione F, De Vincentis A, Bruni V, et al. Accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter for assessing liver steatosis in individuals with morbid obesity before bariatric surgery[J]. Liver Int. 2022;42(2):374\u201383.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"4692_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e047588","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047588","volume":"12","author":"L Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan L, Zhang X, Tian H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease during 2014-2018 from three cities of Liaoning Province: an epidemiological survey. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e047588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047588.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"4692_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3489","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3489","volume":"38","author":"Y Niu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niu Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, et al. <article-title update=\"added\">Serum creatinine levels and risk of nonalcohol fatty liver disease in a middle\u2010aged and older Chinese population: a cross\u2010sectional analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022;38(2):e3489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3489.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010227","volume":"9","author":"Y Hashimoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashimoto Y, Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Obora A, Kojima T, Fukui M. Creatinine to body weight ratio is associated with incident diabetes: population-based cohort study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(1):227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9010227.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13429","volume":"50","author":"T Okamura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okamura T, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Obora A, Kojima T, Fukui M. Creatinine-to-body weight ratio is a predictor of incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based longitudinal study. Hepatol Res. 2020;50(1):57\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.13429.","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4692_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101185","volume":"6","author":"F Carli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carli F, Della Pepa G, Sabatini S, Vidal Puig A, Gastaldelli A. Lipid metabolism in MASLD and MASH: from mechanism to the clinic. JHEP Rep. 2024;6(12):101185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101185.","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"4692_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592373","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.592373","volume":"11","author":"MV Chakravarthy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chakravarthy MV, Siddiqui MS, Forsgren MF, Sanyal AJ. Harnessing muscle-liver crosstalk to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:592373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.592373.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"4692_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinella M E, Lazarus J V, Ratziu V, et al. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Ann Hepatol. 2023;101133.","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000696"},{"key":"4692_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439473","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1439473","volume":"11","author":"YY Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang YY, Tian F, Qian XL, Ying HM, Zhou ZF. <article-title update=\"added\">Effect of 5:2 intermittent fasting diet versus daily calorie restriction eating on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease\u2014a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1439473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1439473.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02343-7","volume":"23","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Q, Hu P, Hou X, et al. Association between triglyceride-glucose related indices and mortality among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-024-02343-7.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"4692_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247126","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1247126","volume":"10","author":"J Romaszko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romaszko J, Gromadzi\u0144ski L, Buci\u0144ski A. Friedewald formula may be used to calculate non-HDL-C from LDL-C and TG(J). Front Med. 2023;10:1247126.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4692_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477820","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1477820","volume":"11","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Li S, An Z, Li S. The correlation between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an analysis of the population-based NHANES (2017-2018). Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1477820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1477820.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89537-5","volume":"15","author":"C Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhang X, et al. U-shaped association between TC\/HDL-C ratio and osteoporosis risk in older adults. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):4791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-89537-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4692_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050929","volume":"13","author":"CE Kosmas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kosmas CE, Rodriguez Polanco S, Bousvarou MD, et al. The triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio as a risk marker for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(5):929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13050929.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"4692_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043871","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4043871","volume":"2020","author":"J Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin J, Zheng J, Lin X, Chen Y, Li Z. A low creatinine to body weight ratio predicts the incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonelderly Chinese without obesity and dyslipidemia: a retrospective study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2020;2020:4043871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4043871.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05173-x","volume":"24","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Lu P, Lin C, et al. <article-title update=\"added\">Hyperuricemia and elevated uric acid\/creatinine ratio are associated with stages III\/IV periodontitis: a population-based cross-sectional study (NHANES 2009\u20132014). BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):1389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-05173-x.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"4692_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15111419","volume":"15","author":"R Posadas-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Posadas-S\u00e1nchez R, Fuentevilla-\u00c1lvarez G, Vargas-Alarc\u00f3n G, et al. Is UA\/HDL-C a reliable surrogate marker for fatty liver? A comparative evaluation with metabolic scores in a Mexican population: the genetics of atherosclerotic disease study. Diagnostics. 2025;15(11):1419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15111419.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"13","key":"4692_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010214","volume":"97","author":"P Golabi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Golabi P, Otgonsuren M, de Avila L, Sayiner M, Rafiq N, Younossi ZM. Components of metabolic syndrome increase the risk of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(13):e0214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000010214.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4692_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e040970","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040970","volume":"10","author":"T Hydes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hydes T, Buchanan R, Kennedy OJ, Fraser S, Parkes J, Roderick P. Systematic review of the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on mortality and adverse clinical outcomes for individuals with chronic kidney disease. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e040970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040970.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4692_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433857","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1433857","volume":"12","author":"R Sandireddy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sandireddy R, Sakthivel S, Gupta P, Behari J, Tripathi M, Singh BK. Systemic impacts of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on heart, muscle, and kidney related diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024;12:1433857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1433857.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4692_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003161","volume":"120","author":"NJ Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim NJ, Vutien P, Borgerding JA, et al. Hepatic steatosis estimated by VCTE-derived CAP scores was associated with lower risks of liver-related events and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic liver diseases. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025;120(7):1529\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003161.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4692_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18459","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18459","volume":"12","author":"Y You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You Y, Pei X, Jiang W, et al. Non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2024;12:e18459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.18459.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"4692_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2022.114622","volume":"645","author":"P Jayasekhar Babu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jayasekhar Babu P, Tirkey A, Mohan Rao TJ, Chanu NB, Lalchhandama K, Singh YD. Conventional and nanotechnology based sensors for creatinine (a kidney biomarker) detection: a consolidated review. Anal Biochem. 2022;645:114622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2022.114622.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"4692_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1159\/000533173","volume":"52","author":"S De Rosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Rosa S, Greco M, Rauseo M, Annetta MG. The good, the bad, and the serum creatinine: exploring the effect of muscle mass and nutrition. Blood Purif. 2023;52(9\u201310):775\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000533173.","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"issue":"2","key":"4692_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2003.11.001","volume":"24","author":"AJ Mangrum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mangrum AJ, Bakris GL. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in chronic renal disease: safety issues. Semin Nephrol. 2004;24(2):168\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2003.11.001.","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4692_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00915-2","volume":"22","author":"DK Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song DK, Hong YS, Sung YA, Lee H. Association of serum creatinine levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea: a case control study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00915-2.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04692-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04692-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04692-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:23:07Z","timestamp":1775812987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04692-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04692-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. 2023XE-GS190), this study adhered to the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}