{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:27:43Z","timestamp":1786577263598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-026-04939-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:14:10Z","timestamp":1780575250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A linear clinical prediction model and nomogram evaluating risk of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4939_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051517","author":"A Boccatonda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boccatonda A, Gentilini S, Zanata E, Simion C, Serra C, Simioni P, et al. Portal vein thrombosis: state-of-the-art review. J Clin Med. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13051517.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4939_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.001","volume":"40","author":"L Amitrano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, Margaglione M, Manguso F, Iannaccone L, et al. Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2004;40(5):736\u201341.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4939_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000325","volume":"27","author":"A Abdel-Razik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdel-Razik A, Mousa N, Elhelaly R, Tawfik A. De-novo portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis: risk factors and correlation with the model for end-stage liver disease scoring system. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(5):585\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4939_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27546","volume":"61","author":"F Nery","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nery F, Chevret S, Condat B, de Raucourt E, Boudaoud L, Rautou PE, et al. Causes and consequences of portal vein thrombosis in 1,243 patients with cirrhosis: results of a longitudinal study. Hepatology. 2015;61(2):660\u20137.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10063","key":"4939_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30514-1","volume":"388","author":"M Di Nisio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Nisio M, van Es N, B\u00fcller HR. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3060\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4939_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030800","author":"A Anton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anton A, Campreci\u00f3s G, P\u00e9rez-Campuzano V, Orts L, Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n JC, Hern\u00e1ndez-Gea V. The pathophysiology of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: getting deeper into Virchow\u2019s triad. J Clin Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030800.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1S Suppl 1","key":"4939_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001982","volume":"33","author":"F Nery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nery F, Carneiro P, Correia S, Macedo C, Gandara J, Lopes V, et al. Systemic inflammation as a risk factor for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: a prospective longitudinal study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S Suppl 1):e108\u201313.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4939_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002968","volume":"37","author":"W Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu W, Cheng Y, Fang R, Ding C, Yin Q, Zhang M, et al. Nomogram model for identifying portal vein thrombosis in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;37(8):935\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4939_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad478","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Gao J, Zheng X, Nie G, Qin J, Wang H, et al. Diagnostic prediction of portal vein thrombosis in chronic cirrhosis patients using data-driven precision medicine model. Brief Bioinform. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbad478.","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"4939_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Chinese guidelines on the management of liver cirrhosis. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2019;27(11):846\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2019.11.008.\u00a0Chinese. PMID: 31941240; PMCID: PMC12770630.","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2019.11.008"},{"issue":"5","key":"4939_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28466","volume":"63","author":"C Noronha Ferreira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noronha Ferreira C, Seijo S, Plessier A, Silva-Junior G, Turon F, Rautou PE, et al. Natural history and management of esophagogastric varices in chronic noncirrhotic, nontumoral portal vein thrombosis. Hepatology. 2016;63(5):1640\u201350.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"4939_CR12","first-page":"739","volume":"22","author":"J Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han J, Yi Y, Ding H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Hu L, et al. [Preoperative risk factors of portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy and gastric pericardial devascularization for portal hypertension]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2014;22(10):739\u201343.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"7","key":"4939_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.23523","volume":"51","author":"S Giri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giri S, Singh A, Kolhe K, Kozyk M, Roy A. Assessment of portal system hemodynamics for the prediction of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis-a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Ultrasound. 2023;51(7):1248\u201358.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"issue":"6","key":"4939_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.265","volume":"156","author":"NM Intagliata","year":"2019","unstructured":"Intagliata NM, Caldwell SH, Tripodi A. Diagnosis, development, and treatment of portal vein thrombosis in patients with and without cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(6):1582-1599.e1581.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4939_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anton A, Shalaby S, Botero ML, Blasi A, Fundora Y, Barace S, et al. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: a targetable mechanism that contributes to portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001547. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41144554.","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001547"},{"issue":"2","key":"4939_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001272","volume":"31","author":"EH Ibrahim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ibrahim EH, Marzouk SA, Zeid AE, Lashen SA, Taher TM. Role of the von Willebrand factor and the VITRO score as predictors for variceal bleeding in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;31(2):241\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4939_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7002","volume":"97","author":"N Kinjo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kinjo N, Kawanaka H, Akahoshi T, Tomikawa M, Yamashita N, Konishi K, et al. Risk factors for portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Br J Surg. 2010;97(6):910\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"4939_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.898866","volume":"22","author":"X Qi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qi X, Han G, Ye C, Zhang Y, Dai J, Peng Y, et al. Splenectomy causes 10-Fold increased risk of portal venous system thrombosis in liver cirrhosis patients. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:2528\u201350.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"12","key":"4939_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9706","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003220","volume":"111","author":"L Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao L, Wei K, Hai J, Du Z, Zhou N, Zhang P, et al. Efficacy and safety of different antithrombotic regimens including direct oral anticoagulants for the prevention of portal vein system thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2025;111(12):9706\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4939_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00588.x","volume":"101","author":"PG Northup","year":"2006","unstructured":"Northup PG, McMahon MM, Ruhl AP, Altschuler SE, Volk-Bednarz A, Caldwell SH, et al. Coagulopathy does not fully protect hospitalized cirrhosis patients from peripheral venous thromboembolism. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(7):1524\u20138; quiz 1680.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4939_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i2.64","volume":"6","author":"N Kinjo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kinjo N, Kawanaka H, Akahoshi T, Matsumoto Y, Kamori M, Nagao Y, et al. Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2014;6(2):64\u201371.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4939_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04094-5","volume":"25","author":"C Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin C, Huang Y. Portal vein thrombosis and esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25(1):500.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4939_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102088","volume":"62","author":"Q Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Q, Wang H, Wang H, Deng J, Cheng Z, Lin W, et al. Association between serum alkaline phosphatase levels in late pregnancy and the incidence of venous thromboembolism postpartum: a retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;62:102088.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"4939_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.10.006","volume":"9","author":"RL Motaganahalli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Motaganahalli RL, Kapoor R, Timsina LR, Gutwein AR, Ingram MD, Raman S, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus disease-2019 infection and deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2021;9(3):605-614.e602.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"4939_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011170","volume":"365","author":"A Tripodi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tripodi A, Mannucci PM. The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(2):147\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4939_CR26","first-page":"1060","volume":"84","author":"K Ewe","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ewe K, Reinhardt P, M\u00fcller H, Ohler W. The bleeding time after liver biopsy does not correlate with peripheral coagulation factors. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med. 1978;84:1060\u20132.","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4939_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.070","volume":"157","author":"JG O\u2019Leary","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary JG, Greenberg CS, Patton HM, Caldwell SH. AGA clinical practice update: coagulation in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2019;157(1):34-43.e31.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4939_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.004","volume":"76","author":"T Lisman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lisman T, Caldwell SH, Intagliata NM. Haemostatic alterations and management of haemostasis in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2022;76(6):1291\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4939_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v16.i4.1213","volume":"16","author":"GL Nie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nie GL, Yan J, Li Y, Zhang HL, Xie DN, Zhu XW, et al. Predictive model for non-malignant portal vein thrombosis associated with cirrhosis based on inflammatory biomarkers. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2024;16(4):1213\u201326.","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04939-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04939-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04939-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T22:51:49Z","timestamp":1786575109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04939-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04939-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendment versions, and has been approved by Ethical Committee of First Hospital of Jilin University before initiation (Approval ID: 2024\u2013989). Except for collecting necessary clinical variables for building prediction model, private and identity information of all patients were not disclosed. As all original data were extracted from routinely collected clinical medical records, prior to study initiation, formal exemption from the requirement for informed consent was granted by Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Jilin University, in accordance with national regulations governing retrospective analyses of anonymized health data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"504"}}