{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:15:47Z","timestamp":1788142547263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["SJCX25_0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX25_0071"]}]},{"name":"the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82002562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002562"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82072708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University) Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project","award":["JSPH-MC-2022-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSPH-MC-2022-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-026-04992-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:09:20Z","timestamp":1781870960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating serological markers of Helicobacter pylori and pepsinogen to improve detection of gastric precancerous conditions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zetian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4992_CR1","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229\u201363.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4992_CR2","first-page":"47","volume":"4","author":"B Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han B, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2024;4(1):47\u201353.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"},{"issue":"3","key":"4992_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.045","volume":"18","author":"AP Thrift","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thrift AP, El-Serag HB. Burden of gastric cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(3):534\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4992_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-21","volume":"14","author":"Y Du","year":"2014","unstructured":"Du Y, et al. Chronic gastritis in China: a national multi-center survey. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:21.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4992_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2299-9","volume":"143","author":"J Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang J, et al. Risk factors for intestinal metaplasia in a southeastern Chinese population: an analysis of 28,745 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017;143(3):409\u201318.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4992_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0372","volume":"13","author":"L Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji L, et al. Community-based pilot study of a screening program for gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2020;13(1):73\u201382.","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4992_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002327","volume":"118","author":"E Dilaghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dilaghi E, et al. Incidence and predictors of gastric neoplastic lesions in corpus-restricted atrophic gastritis: a single-center cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(12):2157\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4992_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-023-01400-6","volume":"26","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, et al. The occurrence, progression and development of four types of gastric mucosal atrophic lesions and their histopathological characteristics. Gastric Cancer. 2023;26(5):721\u201333.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"4992_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.02.044","volume":"165","author":"X Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo X, et al. A liquid biopsy signature for the early detection of gastric cancer in patients. Gastroenterology. 2023;165(2):402\u2013e41313.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4992_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-019-01017-8","volume":"23","author":"Y Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim Y, et al. Disparities in gastric cancer screening among people with disabilities: a national registry-linkage study in South Korea. Gastric Cancer. 2020;23(3):497\u2013509.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4992_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07612-8","volume":"20","author":"R Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu R, et al. Prevalence of gastric cancer precursors in gastroscopy-screened adults by family history of gastric cancer and of cancers other than gastric. BMC Cancer. 2020;20(1):1110.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"4992_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5301\/JBM.2010.6087","volume":"25","author":"K Inoue","year":"2010","unstructured":"Inoue K, Fujisawa T, Haruma K. Assessment of degree of health of the stomach by concomitant measurement of serum pepsinogen and serum Helicobacter pylori antibodies. Int J Biol Markers. 2010;25:207\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers"},{"issue":"7","key":"4992_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14248","volume":"46","author":"RM Zagari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zagari RM, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: diagnostic performance of the combination of pepsinogen, gastrin-17 and anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies serum assays for the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(7):657\u201367.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4992_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13013","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13013","volume":"28","author":"F Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu F, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric precancerous lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter. 2023;28(6):e13013.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"3","key":"4992_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1548_21","volume":"25","author":"H Rakici","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rakici H, et al. Gastric intestinal metaplasia: long-term follow-up results. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022;25(3):315\u201324.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"4992_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Doohan D et al. Pepsinogen and serum IgG detection is a valuable diagnostic method for Helicobacter pylori infection in a low-prevalence country: a report from Sri Lanka. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(8):1364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11081364","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081364"},{"issue":"4","key":"4992_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.01.009","volume":"20","author":"RJ Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang RJ, et al. Pepsinogens and gastrin demonstrate low discrimination for gastric precancerous lesions in a multi-ethnic United States cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(4):950\u2013e9523.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4992_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2011.02090.x","volume":"102","author":"M Hahm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hahm M, et al. Who participates in the gastric cancer screening and on-time rescreening in the National Cancer Screening Program? A population-based study in Korea. Cancer Sci. 2011;102(12):2241\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"4992_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixon MF et al. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20(10):1161-81.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"issue":"6","key":"4992_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e512","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00027-2","volume":"5","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, et al. Multicentre, cross-sectional surveillance of Helicobacter pylori prevalence and antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin in urban China using the string test coupled with quantitative PCR. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(6):e512\u20133.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"4992_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-023-02073-9","volume":"59","author":"Q Tong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tong Q, et al. Gastric intestinal metaplasia: progress and remaining challenges. J Gastroenterol. 2024;59(4):285\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4992_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322065","volume":"70","author":"JBY So","year":"2021","unstructured":"So JBY, et al. Development and validation of a serum microRNA biomarker panel for detecting gastric cancer in a high-risk population. Gut. 2021;70(5):829\u201337.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"4992_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.055400","volume":"54","author":"H Watabe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Watabe H, et al. Predicting the development of gastric cancer from combining Helicobacter pylori antibodies and serum pepsinogen status: a prospective endoscopic cohort study. Gut. 2005;54(6):764\u20138.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"4992_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.01.022","volume":"100","author":"C Kusano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kusano C, et al. Gastric cancer detection rates using GI endoscopy with serologic risk stratification: a randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2024;100(1):55\u2013e631.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"4992_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-012-0141-x","volume":"15","author":"T Shimoyama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shimoyama T, et al. ABC screening for gastric cancer is not applicable in a Japanese population with high prevalence of atrophic gastritis. Gastric Cancer. 2012;15(3):331\u20134.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"4992_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0869","volume":"31","author":"JD Murphy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murphy JD, et al. A predictive model of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma risk using antibody response to Helicobacter pylori proteins and pepsinogen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022;31(4):811\u201320.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"9","key":"4992_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-023-02010-w","volume":"58","author":"R Hirai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirai R, et al. Endoscopic evaluation by the Kyoto classification of gastritis combined with serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody testing reliably risk-stratifies subjects in a population-based gastric cancer screening program. J Gastroenterol. 2023;58(9):848\u201355.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4992_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243988","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2243988","volume":"55","author":"F Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao F, et al. Investigation of the prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection and the value of different gastric cancer screening methods in a low-risk region of gastric cancer in China. Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2243988.","journal-title":"Ann Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04992-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04992-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04992-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T01:31:37Z","timestamp":1788139897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04992-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-026-04992-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuxi People\u2019s Hospital. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"534"}}