{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:02:18Z","timestamp":1789560138383,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-026-05027-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:34:51Z","timestamp":1782693291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of TIPS on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlai","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5027_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32596","volume":"77","author":"P Deltenre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deltenre P, Zanetto A, Saltini D, Moreno C, Schepis F. The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: Recent evolution and open questions. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2023;77(2):640\u201358.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR2","first-page":"21","volume":"30","author":"LB Li Xiaomei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Xiaomei LB, Wang Z, Jie Y, Han Guohong. Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension: personalized care for portal hypertension. Chin J Liver Dis. 2022;30(1):21\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin J Liver Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5027_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0239","volume":"28","author":"HL Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee HL, Lee SW. The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with portal hypertension: Advantages and pitfalls. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28(2):121\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5027_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.277","volume":"22","author":"Y Sanada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanada Y, Mizuta K, Niki T, Tashiro M, Hirata Y, Okada N, et al. Hepatocellular nodules resulting from congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts can differentiate into potentially malignant hepatocellular adenomas. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Sci. 2015;22(10):746\u201356.","journal-title":"J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5027_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182230ce4","volume":"35","author":"M Lisovsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lisovsky M, Konstas AA, Misdraji J. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (Abernethy malformation): a histopathologic evaluation. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35(9):1381\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"5585","key":"5027_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/264440a0","volume":"264","author":"K Weinbren","year":"1976","unstructured":"Weinbren K, Washington SL. Hyperplastic nodules after portacaval anastomosis in rats. Nature. 1976;264(5585):440\u20132.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528509089633","volume":"20","author":"M Bj\u00f8rneboe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rneboe M, Andersen JR, Christensen U, Skinh\u00f8j P, Jensen OM. Does a portal-systemic shunt increase the risk of primary hepatic carcinoma in cirrhosis of the liver? Scand J Gastroenterol. 1985;20(1):59\u201364.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5027_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.04.009","volume":"46","author":"A De Santis","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Santis A, Iegri C, Kondili L, Riggio O, Salvatori FM, Catalano C, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A retrospective case-control study. Dig Liver Disease. 2014;46(8):726\u201330.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"5027_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617732886","volume":"6","author":"A Husing-Kabar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Husing-Kabar A, Meister T, Koehler M, Domschke W, Kabar I, Wilms C, et al. Is de novo hepatocellular carcinoma after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt increased? United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2018;6(3):413\u201321.","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5027_CR10","first-page":"232","volume":"7","author":"B Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen B, Pang L, Chen HB, Wu DB, Wang YH, Chen EQ. TIPS Is Not Associated with a Higher Risk of Developing HCC in Cirrhotic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin translational Hepatol. 2019;7(3):232\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin translational Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5027_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20745","volume":"42","author":"L Libbrecht","year":"2005","unstructured":"Libbrecht L, Maleux G, Verslype C, Roskams T. Influence of TIPS on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2005;42(1):236.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"key":"5027_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(10)60252-6","volume":"42","author":"C Iegri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iegri C, DeSantis A, Giubilo F, Trapani S, La Penna A, Riggio O, et al. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a population of cirrhotic patients treated with tips: A case-control study. Dig Liver Disease. 2010;42:S152.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.09.009","volume":"47","author":"P Borentain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borentain P, Garcia S, Gregoire E, Vidal V, Ananian P, Ressiot E, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt is a risk factor for liver dysplasia but not hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of explanted livers. Dig liver disease: official J Italian Soc Gastroenterol Italian Association Study Liver. 2015;47(1):57\u201361.","journal-title":"Dig liver disease: official J Italian Soc Gastroenterol Italian Association Study Liver"},{"issue":"8","key":"5027_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30090-1","volume":"4","author":"Y Lv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv Y, Yang Z, Liu L, Li K, He C, Wang Z, et al. Early TIPS with covered stents versus standard treatment for acute variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomised controlled trial. lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4(8):587\u201398.","journal-title":"lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8 SUPPL","key":"5027_CR16","first-page":"653","volume":"8","author":"I Minciuna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minciuna I, Grigoras C, Nenu I, Fodor A, Fischer P, Nicoara-Farcau O, et al. Is it tips associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients? United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2020;8(8 SUPPL):653.","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5027_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30418","volume":"35","author":"A Escorsell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Escorsell A, Ba\u00f1ares R, Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n JC, Gilabert R, Moitinho E, Piqueras B, et al. TIPS versus drug therapy in preventing variceal rebleeding in advanced cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2002;35(2):385\u201392.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5027_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20576","volume":"41","author":"R Banares","year":"2005","unstructured":"Banares R, Nunez O, Escudero M, Fernandez C, Vaquero J, Beceiro I, et al. Patients with cirrhosis and bare-stent TIPS may have increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2005;41(3):566\u201371.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5027_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.11.017","volume":"55","author":"S Gitto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gitto S, Vizzutti F, Baldi S, Campani C, Navari N, Falcini M, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic Porto-systemic shunt positively influences the composition and metabolic functions of the gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2023;55(5):622\u20138.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-022-00451-9","volume":"22","author":"H Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan H, Qiu Z, Xiang Z, Feng K, Huang M, Gao F. TIPS improves outcomes in patients with HCC and symptomatic portal hypertension: a multi-institution experience. Cancer imaging: official publication Int Cancer Imaging Soc. 2022;22(1):13.","journal-title":"Cancer imaging: official publication Int Cancer Imaging Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-023-02875-8","volume":"408","author":"C Laurent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laurent C, Rayar M, Maulat C, Muscari F, Marichez A, Gregoire E, et al. Liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma: is TIPS deleterious? A multicentric retrospective study of the ARCHET research group with propensity score matching. Langenbeck\u2019s archives Surg. 2023;408(1):149.","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s archives Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5027_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290323","volume":"29","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sanyal AJ, Mirshahi F. Endothelial cells lining transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts originate in hepatic sinusoids: implications for pseudointimal hyperplasia. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 1999;29(3):710\u20138.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"key":"5027_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00357","volume":"8","author":"I Fabregat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fabregat I, Caballero-D\u00edaz D. Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2-Induced Cell Plasticity in Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol. 2018;8:357.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310122","volume":"31","author":"V Ankoma-Sey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ankoma-Sey V, Wang Y, Dai Z. Hypoxic stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in activated rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2000;31(1):141\u20138.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5027_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_930_17","volume":"14","author":"J Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei J, Li H, Li C. Investigating the risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma and survival analysis for cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in treating portal hypertension. J Cancer Res Ther. 2018;14(4):826\u201332.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"5027_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20364","volume":"40","author":"F Salerno","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salerno F, Merli M, Riggio O, Cazzaniga M, Valeriano V, Pozzi M, et al. Randomized controlled study of TIPS versus paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites. Hepatology (Baltimore MD). 2004;40(3):629\u201335.","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore MD)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00592-6","volume":"18","author":"R Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang R, Tang R, Li B, Ma X, Schnabl B, Tilg H. Gut microbiome, liver immunology, and liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(1):4\u201317.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000380895","volume":"2","author":"X Tao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tao X, Wang N, Qin W. Gut Microbiota and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastrointest tumors. 2015;2(1):33\u201340.","journal-title":"Gastrointest tumors"},{"issue":"1","key":"5027_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89963-1","volume":"11","author":"S Komiyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Komiyama S, Yamada T, Takemura N, Kokudo N, Hase K, Kawamura YI. Profiling of tumour-associated microbiota in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):10589.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5027_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.016","volume":"72","author":"RF Schwabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwabe RF, Greten TF. Gut microbiome in HCC - Mechanisms, diagnosis and therapy. J Hepatol. 2020;72(2):230\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5027_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.02.007","volume":"21","author":"DH Dapito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dapito DH, Mencin A, Gwak GY, Pradere JP, Jang MK, Mederacke I, et al. Promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma by the intestinal microbiota and TLR4. Cancer Cell. 2012;21(4):504\u201316.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"5027_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.01.014","volume":"50","author":"C Ripoll","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ripoll C, Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace N, Burroughs A, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts development of hepatocellular carcinoma independently of severity of cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2009;50(5):923\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5027_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8341030","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8341030","volume":"2016","author":"J Meng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meng J, Wang Q, Liu K, Yang S, Fan X, Liu B, et al. Systemic and Splanchnic Lipopolysaccharide and Endothelin-1 Plasma Levels in Liver Cirrhosis before and after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016:8341030.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"5027_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balducci D, Montori M, De Blasio F, Di Bucchianico A, Argenziano ME, Baroni GS, et al. The Role of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) in Treating Portal Hypertension in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med (Kaunas Lithuania). 2023;59(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061150"},{"issue":"6","key":"5027_CR35","first-page":"1673","volume":"21","author":"M Allaire","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allaire M, Rudler M, Thabut D. TIPS in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is There an Indication? Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice. J Am Gastroenterological Association. 2023;21(6):1673\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Gastroenterological Association"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05027-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05027-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05027-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:03:51Z","timestamp":1789556631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05027-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05027-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based exclusively on previously published data. No new human or animal participants were involved; therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required. All included studies reported adherence to recognized ethical standards, such as the Declaration of Helsinki, and had obtained informed consent from their participants as stated in their original publications. Data privacy and confidentiality were maintained throughout the process, as no individual-level data were accessed or disclosed. The review protocol was registered in [PROSPERO ] under registration number [CRD42023442262], in accordance with best practices for systematic reviews and to ensure transparency and reproducibility.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"564"}}