{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:49:05Z","timestamp":1792126145226,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Tianjin Union Medical Center","award":["2025YJ018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YJ018"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","award":["23JCYBJC01760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JCYBJC01760"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-026-05092-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:45:21Z","timestamp":1784630721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender differences in the relationship between dynapenic abdominal obesity and non-neoplastic digestive system diseases among middle-aged and older adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xuetao","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yandi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32007-0","volume":"395","author":"GR Dagenais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dagenais GR, Leong DP, Rangarajan S, et al. Variations in common diseases, hospital admissions, and deaths in middle-aged adults in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:785\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32007-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5092_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02321-8","volume":"23","author":"T Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao T, Ren M, Feng Y, et al. Association of the atherogenic index of plasma and modified triglyceride-glucose indices with digestive diseases among middle-aged and older population in China. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23:398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02321-8.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"5092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i45.6681","volume":"25","author":"A Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao A, Wang MC, Szeto IM, et al. Gastrointestinal discomforts and dietary intake in Chinese urban elders: A cross-sectional study in eight cities of China. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25:6681\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v25.i45.6681.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5092_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372156","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1372156","volume":"12","author":"Y Kou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kou Y, Du S, Du W, et al. Exposure to air pollution and non-neoplastic digestive system diseases: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1372156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1372156.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"5092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112861","volume":"209","author":"J Che","year":"2025","unstructured":"Che J, Song Q, Zhao C, et al. Associations between changes in frailty status and non-neoplastic digestive system diseases: A cohort study based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Exp Gerontol. 2025;209:112861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112861.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"5092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00431-8","volume":"9","author":"P Malfertheiner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Camargo MC, El-Omar E, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-023-00431-8.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5092_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03496-0","volume":"147","author":"Q Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan Q, Zhao R, Xia L, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of gastric, small bowel and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 26 observational studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021;147:1077\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-020-03496-0.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"5092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01917-8","volume":"406","author":"GBD 2023 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"GBD 2023 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet. 2025;406:1811\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01917-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01637-X","volume":"406","author":"R Factor Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"GBD 2023 Disease and Injury and, Factor Collaborators R. Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet. 2025;406:1873\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01637-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5092_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1230","volume":"286","author":"R Roubenoff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roubenoff R, Castaneda C. Sarcopenia-understanding the dynamics of aging muscle. JAMA. 2001;286:1230\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.286.10.1230.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5092_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afac117","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac117","volume":"51","author":"R L\u00f3pez-Bueno","year":"2022","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Bueno R, Andersen LL, Calatayud J, et al. Associations of handgrip strength with all-cause and cancer mortality in older adults: a prospective cohort study in 28 countries. Age Ageing. 2022;51:afac117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afac117.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"5092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16019","volume":"27","author":"LL Andersen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andersen LL, Calatayud J, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Cort\u00e9s R, et al. Graded association of muscle strength with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults with diabetes: Prospective cohort study across 28 countries. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27:312\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.16019.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"5092_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014778","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1014778","volume":"14","author":"A Bensussen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bensussen A, Torres-Magallanes JA, Roces de \u00c1lvarez-Buylla E. Molecular tracking of insulin resistance and inflammation development on visceral adipose tissue. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1014778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1014778.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5092_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19358-0","volume":"24","author":"H Emamat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emamat H, Jamshidi A, Farhadi A, et al. The association between the visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19358-0.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5092_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040518","volume":"16","author":"B Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun B, Wang J, Wang Y, et al. Associations of Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and Frailty Progression: Evidence from Two Nationwide Cohorts. Nutrients. 2024;16:518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16040518.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13080916","volume":"13","author":"LK Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu LK, Su YC, Tsai HC, et al. Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and Adverse Health Effects in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthc (Basel). 2025;13:916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare13080916.","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"key":"5092_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7247","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202581","volume":"13","author":"TW Kao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kao TW, Peng TC, Chen WL, et al. Impact of adiposity on muscle function and clinical events among elders with dynapenia, presarcopenia and sarcopenia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Aging. 2021;13:7247\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.202581.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"5092_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03094-5","volume":"37","author":"S Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang S, Hu X, Liu M, et al. Dynapenic abdominal obesity and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025;37:290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-025-03094-5.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"5092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2025.105879","volume":"136","author":"Z Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhao F, Li S. Dynapenic abdominal obesity and chronic kidney disease: Results from a nationwide prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older adults in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2025;136:105879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2025.105879.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"5092_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23664-6","volume":"25","author":"L Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin L, Xue Y, Huang D, et al. Dynapenic abdominal obesity and the risks of heart disease and all-cause mortality: a 7-year longitudinal study among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:2470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23664-6.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5092_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","volume":"19","author":"F Di Vincenzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Petito V, et al. Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med. 2024;19:275\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"5092_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.1437","volume":"70","author":"K Fujita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujita K, Nishizawa H, Funahashi T, et al. Systemic oxidative stress is associated with visceral fat accumulation and the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2006;70:1437\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.70.1437.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"5092_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad604","volume":"109","author":"M U-Din","year":"2024","unstructured":"U-Din M, Ahmed BA, Syed SA, et al. Characteristics of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue, Metabolic Health and the Gut Microbiome in Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109:680\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad604.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5092_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2025.101522","volume":"19","author":"A Iyer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iyer A, Alizadeh M, Mariano JM, et al. The Impact of Heritable Myopathies on Gastrointestinal Skeletal Muscle Function. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;19:101522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2025.101522.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.06.001","volume":"22","author":"D Arndorfer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arndorfer D, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ, et al. Age Affects Esophageal Secondary Peristalsis More Than Primary as Assessed by FLIP Panometry and High-resolution Manometry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;22:2532\u2013e25341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.06.001.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.03.009","volume":"40","author":"KW Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim KW, Baek MO, Yoon MS, et al. Deterioration of mitochondrial function in the human intercostal muscles differs among individuals with sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity. Clin Nutr. 2021;40:2697\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.03.009.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP, et al. Cohort profile: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43:61\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dys203.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5092_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21:300\u2013e3072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"5092_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22620","volume":"27","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang L, Wang Z, Wang X, et al. Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity in China: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Nearly Half a Million Participants. Obes (Silver Spring). 2019;27:1898\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22620.","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"5092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1916591","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.16591","volume":"2","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H, Zheng D, Li Z, et al. Association of Depressive Symptoms With Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e1916591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.16591.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"5092_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02810-9","volume":"24","author":"Z Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma Z, Wu L, Huang Z. Stress hyperglycemia ratio and the risk of new-onset chronic diseases: results of a national prospective longitudinal study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025;24:251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02810-9.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"5092_CR32","first-page":"583275","volume":"18","author":"C Mingying","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mingying C, Yan Z, Zhuhua Y. Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and the Risk of Stroke in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Womens Health. 2026;18:583275.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"5092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.01.012","volume":"13","author":"X Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin X, Qiu T, Li L, et al. Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023;13:2403\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.01.012.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"5092_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00461-0","volume":"21","author":"WC Shih","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shih WC, Jang IH, Kruglov V, et al. Role for BLT1 in regulating inflammation within adipose tissue immune cells of aged mice. Immun Ageing. 2024;21:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-024-00461-0.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"5092_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-023-00331-1","volume":"20","author":"B Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang B, Lv C, Ye L, et al. Stratum corneum hydration inversely correlates with certain serum cytokine levels in the elderly, possibly contributing to inflammaging. Immun Ageing. 2023;20:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-023-00331-1.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"5092_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.09.025","volume":"145","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xia B, Wakefield JS, et al. The Role and Implications of Epidermal Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Inflammaging. J Invest Dermatol. 2025;145:1580\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2024.09.025.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"5092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.07.015","volume":"139","author":"H Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao H, Lin G, Yin Y, et al. Impact of micro- and nanoplastics on gastrointestinal diseases: Recent advances. Eur J Intern Med. 2025;139:106419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.07.015.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"5092_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200769","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1200769","volume":"14","author":"M Bot\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bot\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez M, Galicia G, Albaladejo-Marico L, et al. Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in lupus triggers a differential humoral response against gut commensals. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1200769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1200769.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5092_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.142156","volume":"467","author":"X Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng X, Chen Y, Luo L, et al. Liubao insect tea polyphenols ameliorate DSS-induced experimental colitis by protecting intestinal barrier and regulating intestinal microbiota. Food Chem. 2025;467:142156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.142156.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"5092_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15747","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04354","volume":"70","author":"X Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia X, Lin H, Luo F, et al. Oryzanol Ameliorates DSS-Stimulated Gut Barrier Damage via Targeting the Gut Microbiota Accompanied by the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 Cascade Response In Vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70:15747\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04354.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"5092_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01037-9","volume":"5","author":"L Smith","year":"2025","unstructured":"Smith L, L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez GF, Veronese N, et al. Physical multimorbidity and dynapenic abdominal obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries. Commun Med (Lond). 2025;5:315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-025-01037-9.","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"5092_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.10.008","volume":"21","author":"S Siboni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siboni S, Kristo I, Rogers BD, et al. Improving the Diagnostic Yield of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry for GERD: The Straight Leg-Raise International Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:1761\u2013e17701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.10.008.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5092_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000836","volume":"38","author":"N Kamperidis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamperidis N, Nightingale J. Neurological disorders and small bowel dysmotility. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2022;38:299\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000836.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5092_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14973","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14973","volume":"37","author":"L Du","year":"2025","unstructured":"Du L, Qin Q, He X, et al. Interstitial Cells of Cajal Are Required for Different Intestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2025;37:e14973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14973.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"5092_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14995","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14995","volume":"37","author":"DA Wattchow","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wattchow DA, Brookes S, Spencer NJ, et al. Gut Neuropathies and Intestinal Motility Disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2025;37:e14995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14995.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"5092_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2178892","volume":"26","author":"A Fenton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fenton A, Smart C, Goldschmidt L, et al. Fat mass, weight and body shape changes at menopause - causes and consequences: a narrative review. Climacteric. 2023;26:381\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13697137.2023.2178892.","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"5092_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.2244004.002","volume":"18","author":"EJ Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho EJ, Choi Y, Jung SJ, et al. Role of exercise in estrogen deficiency-induced sarcopenia. J Exerc Rehabil. 2022;18:2\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12965\/jer.2244004.002.","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"5092_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020444","volume":"15","author":"ML Marsh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marsh ML, Oliveira MN, Vieira-Potter VJ. Adipocyte Metabolism and Health after the Menopause: The Role of Exercise. Nutrients. 2023;15:444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15020444.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5092_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94189-2","volume":"11","author":"J Abildgaard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abildgaard J, Ploug T, Al-Saoudi E, et al. Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue phenotype following menopause is associated with increased visceral fat mass. Sci Rep. 2021;11:14750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-94189-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5092_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16070783","volume":"16","author":"FR Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang FR, Lu X, Li JL, et al. Identification of Immune Hub Genes in Obese Postmenopausal Women Using Microarray and Single-Cell RNA Seq Data. Genes (Basel). 2025;16:783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes16070783.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"5092_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010073","volume":"12","author":"RV Sinatora","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sinatora RV, Chagas E, Mattera F, et al. Relationship of Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites. 2022;12:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo12010073.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"5092_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-023-02235-z","volume":"161","author":"N Fidya, Choijookhuu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fidya, Choijookhuu N, Ikenoue M, et al. Protective role of estrogen through G-protein coupled receptor 30 in a colitis mouse model. Histochem Cell Biol. 2024;161:81\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-023-02235-z.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"5092_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114181","volume":"246","author":"Y Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin Y, Gao XY, Zhao J, et al. Estrogen deficiency aggravates fluoride-induced small intestinal mucosa damage and junctional complexes proteins expression disorder in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022;246:114181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114181.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05092-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05092-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05092-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:35:46Z","timestamp":1792125346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05092-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-026-05092-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The present analysis employed de-identified, publicly available CHARLS data, which had received prior ethical approval from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052\u201311015).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable (NA).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"658"}}