{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:00:04Z","timestamp":1792404004565,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0723-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T12:27:44Z","timestamp":1518611264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["How to achieve the desired outcomes of advance care planning in nursing homes: a theory of change"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Gilissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pivodic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gastmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Vander Stichele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Deliens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Van den Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.331","volume":"53","author":"RL Sudore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sudore RL, Lum HD, You JJ, Hanson LC, Meier DE, Pantilat SZ, et al. Defining Advance Care Planning for Adults: A Consensus Definition From a Multidisciplinary Delphi Panel. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 2017;53:821\u2013832.e1.","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30582-X","volume":"18","author":"JAC Rietjens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rietjens JAC, Sudore RL, Connolly M, van Delden JJ, Drickamer MA, Droger M, et al. Definition and recommendations for advance care planning: an international consensus supported by the European Association for Palliative Care. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:e543\u201351.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seymour J, Horne G. Advance Care Planning for the end of life: an overview. Adv. Care Plan. End Life Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 16\u201327.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199561636.003.0002"},{"key":"723_CR4","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians of London. Concise guidance to good practice: A series of evidence-based guidelines for clinical management. Number 12: Advance Care Planning National Guidelines. Royal College of Physicians of London; 2009."},{"key":"723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.03.003","volume":"10","author":"A Marengoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marengoni A, Angleman S, Melis R, Mangialasche F, Karp A, Garmen A, et al. Aging with multimorbidity: a systematic review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10:430\u20139.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"723_CR6","first-page":"131","volume":"4","author":"S Aarts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aarts S, Patel KV, Garcia ME, Van den Akker M, Verhey FRJ, Metsemakers JFM, et al. Co-presence of multimorbidity and disability with frailty: an examination of heterogeneity in the frail older population. J Frailty Aging. 2015;4:131\u20138.","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902234","volume":"361","author":"SL Mitchell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK, Shaffer ML, Jones RN, Prigerson HG, et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1529\u201338.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"723_CR8","first-page":"751","volume":"58","author":"D Houttekier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Houttekier D, Cohen J, Bilsen J, Addington-Hall J, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, Deliens L. Place of death of older persons with dementia. A study in five European countries: PLACE OF DEATH FROM DEMENTIA IN EUROPE. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2010;58:751\u20136.","journal-title":"Soc"},{"key":"723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216307084606","volume":"22","author":"B Gomes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gomes B, Higginson IJ. Where people die (1974\u20142030): past trends, future projections and implications for care. Palliat Med. 2008;22:33\u201341.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"723_CR10","volume-title":"Palliative Care for Older People: better practices","author":"S Hall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hall S, Petkova H, Tsouros A, Costantini M, Higginson IJ. Palliative Care for Older People: better practices. Denmark: World Health Organization; 2011."},{"key":"723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216309103802","volume":"23","author":"K Froggatt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Froggatt K, Vaughan S, Bernard C, Wild D. Advance care planning in care homes for older people: an English perspective. Palliat Med. 2009;23:332\u20138.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"723_CR12","unstructured":"Penders YW. Old age, dementia and end-of-life care. [PhD thesis] Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel; 2016."},{"key":"723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.6751","volume":"176","author":"KL Harrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrison KL, Adrion ER, Ritchie CS, Sudore RL, Smith AK. Low completion and disparities in advance care planning activities among older Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:1872\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv041","volume":"44","author":"I Musa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Musa I, Seymour J, Narayanasamy MJ, Wada T, Conroy S. A survey of older peoples\u2019 attitudes towards advance care planning. Age Ageing. 2015;44:371\u20136.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"723_CR15","volume-title":"The effects of advance care planning interventions on nursing home residents: a systematic review","author":"RS Martin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin RS, Hayes B, Gregorevic K, Lim WK. The effects of advance care planning interventions on nursing home residents: a systematic review. Assoc: J. Am. Med. Dir; 2016."},{"key":"723_CR16","first-page":"577","volume":"109","author":"S Sommer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sommer S, Marckmann G, Pentzek M, Wegscheider K, Abholz H-H. In der Schmitten J. Advance directives in nursing homes. Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl Int. 2012;109:577\u201383.","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl Int"},{"key":"723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp121","volume":"20","author":"C De Gendt","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Gendt C, Bilsen J, Stichele RV, Deliens L. Nursing home policies regarding advance care planning in Flanders. Belgium Eur J Public Health. 2010;20:189\u201394.","journal-title":"Belgium Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"723_CR18","volume-title":"Advance care planning: collaboration between healthcare professionals, patients with dementia and their families [in Dutch: advance care planning: overleg tussen zorgverleners, pati\u00ebnten met dementie en hun naasten]","author":"L Deliens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deliens L, De Gendt C, D\u2019Haene I, Meeussen K, Van den Block L, Vander SR. Advance care planning: collaboration between healthcare professionals, patients with dementia and their families [in Dutch: advance care planning: overleg tussen zorgverleners, pati\u00ebnten met dementie en hun naasten]. Koning Boudewijnstichting: Brussels; 2009."},{"key":"723_CR19","volume-title":"To think early \u2026 about the future [In Dutch: Vroeger nadenken... over later. Reflecties over de toepassing van vroegtijdige zorgplanning in Belgi\u00eb (met bijzondere aandacht voor dementie)]","author":"K Rondia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rondia K, Raeymaekers P. To think early \u2026 about the future [In Dutch: Vroeger nadenken... over later. Reflecties over de toepassing van vroegtijdige zorgplanning in Belgi\u00eb (met bijzondere aandacht voor dementie)]. Koning Boudewijnstichting: Brussels; 2014."},{"key":"723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2013.03.009","volume":"47","author":"A Vandervoort","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vandervoort A, Houttekier D, Van den Block L, van der Steen JT, Stichele RV, Deliens L. Advance care planning and physician orders in nursing home residents with dementia: a Nationwide retrospective study among professional caregivers and relatives. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2014;47:245\u201356.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212000142","volume":"7","author":"A Vandervoort","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vandervoort A, Van den Block L, van der Steen JT, Vander Stichele R, Bilsen J, Deliens L. Advance directives and physicians\u2019 orders in nursing home residents with dementia in Flanders, Belgium: prevalence and associated outcomes. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012;7:1133\u201343.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"723_CR22","volume-title":"Medical research Framework\u2019s guidance on developing and evaluating complex interventions: new guidance","author":"P Craig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Craig P, Deippe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I. Medical research Framework\u2019s guidance on developing and evaluating complex interventions: new guidance; 2008."},{"key":"723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.01.008","volume":"15","author":"CHM Houben","year":"2014","unstructured":"Houben CHM, Spruit MA, Groenen MTJ, Wouters EFM, Janssen DJA. Efficacy of advance care planning: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:477\u201389.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"723_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher A, Jamal F, Moore G, Evans RE, Murphy S, Bonell C. Realist complex intervention science: applying realist principles across all phases of the Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Evaluation. 2016;1356389016652743","DOI":"10.1177\/1356389016652743"},{"key":"723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216316642963","volume":"5","author":"JAC Rietjens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rietjens JAC, Korfage IJ, Van der Heide A. Advance care planning: not a panacea. Palliat Med. 2016;5:421\u20132.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"723_CR26","unstructured":"Moore G, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions. UK Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance. UK Medical Research Council (MRC); 2012."},{"key":"723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-111","volume":"11","author":"IJ Higginson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Higginson IJ, Evans CJ, Grande G, Preston N, Morgan M, McCrone P, et al. Evaluating complex interventions in end of life care: the MORECare statement on good practice generated by a synthesis of transparent expert consultations and systematic reviews. BMC Med. 2013;11:111.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"723_CR28","volume-title":"\u2018Best practice\u2019 in developing and evaluating palliative and end-of-life care services: a meta-synthesis of research methods for the MORECare project","author":"CJ Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans CJ, Harding R, Higginson I. \u2018Best practice\u2019 in developing and evaluating palliative and end-of-life care services: a meta-synthesis of research methods for the MORECare project. 2013."},{"key":"723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.01.022","volume":"32","author":"LM Collins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collins LM, Murphy SA, Strecher V. The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART): new methods for more potent eHealth interventions. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32:S112\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ 2014;348:g1687\u2013g1687.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02396.x","volume":"57","author":"TR Fried","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fried TR, Bullock K, Iannone L, O\u2019Leary JR. Understanding advance care planning as a process of health Behavior change: ACP AS a HEALTH BEHAVIOR. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:1547\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"723_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudore RL, Stewart AL, Knight SJ, McMahan RD, Feuz M, Miao Y, et al. Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Detect Behavior Change in Multiple Advance Care Planning Behaviors. Xie Z, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e72465.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072465"},{"key":"723_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song M-K, Ward SE. Making Visible a Theory-Guided Advance Care Planning Intervention: Making Visible an Intervention. J. Nurs. Scholarsh. 2015;n\/a-n\/a.","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12156"},{"key":"723_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann TC, Erueti C, Glasziou PP. Poor description of non-pharmacological interventions: analysis of consecutive sample of randomised trials. BMJ 2013;347:f3755\u2013f3755 .","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3755"},{"key":"723_CR35","volume-title":"Preconditions for succesful advance care planning in nursing homes: a systematic review","author":"J Gilissen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilissen J, Pivodic L, Smets T, Gastmans C, Vander Stichele R, Deliens L, et al. Preconditions for succesful advance care planning in nursing homes: a systematic review. Stud: Int. J. Nurs; 2016."},{"key":"723_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-267","volume":"15","author":"MJ De Silva","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Silva MJ, Breuer E, Lee L, Asher L, Chowdhary N, Lund C, et al. Theory of change: a theory-driven approach to enhance the Medical Research Council\u2019s framework for complex interventions. Trials. 2014;15:267.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"723_CR37","volume-title":"The community builders\u2019 approach to the theory of change","author":"A Anderson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anderson A. The community builders\u2019 approach to the theory of change. A Practical Guide to the Theory Development. The Aspen Institute Roundtable on Community Change; 2005."},{"key":"723_CR38","unstructured":"De Silva M, Breuer E, Lee L, Lund C, Patel V. Theory of change: a theory-driven approach to the MRC framework for complex interventions. Poster. London: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of International Development; 2012."},{"key":"723_CR39","volume-title":"Mapping palliative care systems in long term care facilities in Europe. PACE work package 1 and EAPC taskforce report","author":"K Froggatt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Froggatt K, Edwards M, Morbey H, Payne S. Mapping palliative care systems in long term care facilities in Europe. PACE work package 1 and EAPC taskforce report. UK: Lancaster University; 2016."},{"key":"723_CR40","unstructured":"Verbinnen R. Gespecialiseerde palliatieve zorg in de context van medicalisering [PhD thesis]. Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel; 2005."},{"key":"723_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp121","volume":"20","author":"C De Gendt","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Gendt C, Bilsen J. Stichele R Vander, Deliens L. nursing home policies regarding advance care planning in Flanders, Belgium. Eur J Pub Health. 2010;20:189\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"723_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-8-15","volume":"8","author":"E Breuer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Breuer E, De Silva M, Fekadu A, Luitel NP, Murhar V, Nakku J, et al. Using workshops to develop theories of change in five low and middle income countries: lessons from the programme for improving mental health care (PRIME). Int J Ment Health Syst. 2014;8:15.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"723_CR43","volume-title":"Using theory of change in the development, implementation and evaluation of complex health interventions","author":"M Silva De","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Silva M, Lee L. Using theory of change in the development, implementation and evaluation of complex health interventions. UK: A practical guide; 2014."},{"key":"723_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0422-6","volume":"11","author":"E Breuer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Breuer E, Lee L, De Silva M, Lund C. Using theory of change to design and evaluate public health interventions: a systematic review. Implement Sci. 2016;11:63.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"723_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.04.015","volume":"52","author":"KT Unroe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unroe KT, Hickman SE, Torke AM. Care consistency with documented care preferences: methodologic considerations for implementing the \u201cmeasuring what matters\u201d quality indicator. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2016;52:453\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"723_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Detering KM, Hancock AD, Reade MC, Silvester W. The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010;340:c1345\u2013c1345.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1345"},{"key":"723_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03917.x","volume":"60","author":"KT Kirchhoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kirchhoff KT, Hammes BJ, Kehl KA, Briggs LA, Brown RL. Effect of a disease-specific advance care planning intervention on end-of-life care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:946\u201350.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"723_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53116.x","volume":"53","author":"RS Morrison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morrison RS, Chichin E, Carter J, Burack O, Lantz M, Meier DE. The effect of a social work intervention to enhance advance care planning documentation in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:290\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"723_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1089\/109662102320880516","volume":"5","author":"RC Kolarik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kolarik RC, Arnold RM, Fischer GS, Tulsky JA. Objectives for advance care planning. J Palliat Med. 2002;5:697\u2013704.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"723_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudore RL, Heyland DK, Lum HD, Rietjens JAC, Korfage IJ, Ritchie CS, et al. Outcomes that define successful advance care planning: a Delphi panel consensus. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2017;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.08.025"},{"key":"723_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp13X673667","volume":"63","author":"T Sharp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharp T, Moran E, Kuhn I, Barclay S. Do the elderly have a voice? Advance care planning discussions with frail and older individuals: a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63:657\u201368.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"723_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00334-7","volume":"22","author":"KE Steinhauser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, McNeilly M, Grambow S, Parker J, et al. Preparing for the end of life: preferences of patients, families physicians and other care providers. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;22:727.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"723_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011155212811","volume":"28","author":"J Prochaska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prochaska J, Prochaska J, Levesque D. A Transtheoretical approach to changing organizations. Admin Pol Ment Health. 2001;28:247.","journal-title":"Admin Pol Ment Health"},{"key":"723_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-67","volume":"4","author":"BJ Weiner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weiner BJ. A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implement Sci. 2009;4:67.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"723_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2007.00478.x","volume":"85","author":"RP Grol","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grol RP, Bosch MC, Hulscher ME, Eccles MP, Wensing M. Planning and studying improvement in patient care: the use of theoretical perspectives. Milbank Q. 2007;85:93\u2013138.","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"723_CR56","volume-title":"Comparing palliative Care in Care Homes across Europe (PACE): protocol of a cross-sectional study of deceased residents in 6 EU countries","author":"L Van den Block","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van den Block L, Smets T, van Dop N, Adang E, Andreasen P, Collingridge Moore D, et al. Comparing palliative Care in Care Homes across Europe (PACE): protocol of a cross-sectional study of deceased residents in 6 EU countries. Assoc: J. Am. Med. Dir; 2016."},{"key":"723_CR57","volume-title":"Guideline Advance Care Planning [In Dutch: Richtlijn Vroegtijdige Zorgplanning]","author":"W Van Mechelen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Mechelen W, Piers R, Van den Eynde J, De Lepeleire J. Guideline Advance Care Planning [In Dutch: Richtlijn Vroegtijdige Zorgplanning]. Federatie Palliatieve Zorg Vlaanderen vzw. Richtlijnen Palliatieve Zorg: Vilvoorde; 2015."},{"key":"723_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flo E, Husebo BS, Bruusgaard P, Gjerberg E, Thoresen L, Lillemoen L, et al. A review of the implementation and research strategies of advance care planning in nursing homes. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16:24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0179-4"},{"key":"723_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2014-000723","volume":"5","author":"T McConnell","year":"2015","unstructured":"McConnell T, O\u2019Halloran P, Donnelly M, Porter S. Factors affecting the successful implementation and sustainability of the Liverpool care pathway for dying patients: a realist evaluation. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2015;5:70\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"723_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lund S, Richardson A, May C. Barriers to Advance Care Planning at the End of Life: An Explanatory Systematic Review of Implementation Studies. Quinn TJ, editor. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0116629.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116629"},{"key":"723_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3747\/co.22.2488","volume":"22","author":"NA Hagen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hagen NA, Howlett J, Sharma NC, Biondo P, Holroyd-Leduc J, Fassbender K, et al. Advance care planning: identifying system-specific barriers and facilitators. Curr Oncol. 2015;22:237.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"723_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayrhofer A, Goodman C, Smeeton N, Handley M, Amador S, Davies S. The feasibility of a train-the-trainer approach to end of life care training in care homes: an evaluation. BMC Palliat. Care. 2016;15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-016-0081-z"},{"key":"723_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10158","volume":"199","author":"IA Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott IA, Mitchell GK, Reymond JE, Daly MP. Difficult but necessary conversations \u2014 the case for advance care planning. Med J Aust. 2013;199:662\u20136.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"723_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornally N, McGlade C, Weathers E, Daly E, Fitzgerald C, O\u2019Caoimh R, et al. Evaluating the systematic implementation of the \u2018let me decide\u2019 advance care planning programme in long term care through focus groups: staff perspectives. BMC Palliat Care. 2015;14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-015-0051-x"},{"key":"723_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2007.13.7.24346","volume":"13","author":"SM Wowchuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wowchuk SM, McClement S, Bond J Jr. The challenge of providing palliative care in the nursing home part II: internal factors. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2007;13:345\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Palliat Nurs"},{"key":"723_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.10.001","volume":"49","author":"LJ Hayes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayes LJ, O\u2019Brien-Pallas L, Duffield C, Shamian J, Buchan J, Hughes F, et al. Nurse turnover: a literature review \u2013 an update. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49:887\u2013905.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"723_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12048","volume":"9","author":"J Hockley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hockley J. Learning, support and communication for staff in care homes: outcomes of reflective debriefing groups in two care homes to enhance end-of-life care. Int J Older People Nursing. 2014;9:118\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nursing"},{"key":"723_CR68","volume-title":"Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. In: the Cochrane collaboration, editor. Cochrane database Syst. Rev","author":"G Jamtvedt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoffersen DT, O\u2019Brien MA, Oxman AD. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. In: the Cochrane collaboration, editor. Cochrane database Syst. Rev. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK; 2006."},{"key":"723_CR69","first-page":"50","volume":"111","author":"J in der Schmitten","year":"2014","unstructured":"in der Schmitten J, Lex K, Mellert C, Roth\u00e4rmel S, Wegscheider K, Marckmann G. Implementing an advance care planning program in German nursing homes: results of an inter-regionally controlled intervention trial. Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl. Int. 2014;111:50.","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl. Int"},{"key":"723_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korfage IJ, Rietjens JAC, Overbeek A, Jabbarian LJ, Billekens P, Hammes BJ, et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial on the effects and costs of advance care planning in elderly care: study protocol. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0087-z"},{"key":"723_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301209104981","volume":"8","author":"AE Meller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meller AE, Caplan GA. Let someone else decide?: development of an advance care planning service for nursing home residents with advanced dementia. Dementia. 2009;8:391\u2013405.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"723_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2005.8.576","volume":"8","author":"LC Hanson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hanson LC, Reynolds KS, Henderson M, Pickard CG. A quality improvement intervention to increase palliative care in nursing homes. J Palliat Med. 2005;8:576\u201384.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"723_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molloy W, Guyatt G. Systematic implementation of an advance directive program in nursing homes. A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA. 2000;283","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.11.1437"},{"key":"723_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03353.x","volume":"19","author":"HY Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan HY, Pang SM. Let me talk - an advance care planning programme for frail nursing home residents: an advance care planning programme for frail nursing home residents. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19:3073\u201384.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"723_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt022","volume":"54","author":"G Demiris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demiris G, Parker Oliver D, Capurro D, Wittenberg-Lyles E. Implementation science: implications for intervention research in hospice and palliative care. The Gerontologist. 2014;54:163\u201371.","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"723_CR76","unstructured":"Harpold NM. Harpold, Nicole M., \"Development of a Toolkit to Evaluate Efficacy of the Respecting Choices\u00a9 System of Advance Care Planning [PhD thesis]. USA: Grand Valley State University; 2016."},{"key":"723_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2014-000684","volume":"5","author":"N Raijmakers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raijmakers N, Dekkers A, Galesloot C, van Zuylen L, van der Heide A. Barriers and facilitators to implementation of the Liverpool care pathway in the Netherlands: a qualitative study: figure 1. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2015;5:259\u201365.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"723_CR78","first-page":"132","volume":"3","author":"GF Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore GF, Evans RE. What theory, for whom and in which context? Reflections on the application of theory in the development and evaluation of complex population health interventions. SSM - Popul. Health. 2017;3:132\u20135.","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"723_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levati S, Campbell P, Frost R, Dougall N, Wells M, Donaldson C, et al. Optimisation of complex health interventions prior to a randomised controlled trial: a scoping review of strategies used. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2016;2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-016-0058-y"},{"key":"723_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s55","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.153841","volume":"208","author":"E Breuer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Breuer E, De Silva MJ, Shidaye R, Petersen I, Nakku J, Jordans MJD, et al. Planning and evaluating mental health services in low- and middle-income countries using theory of change. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208:s55\u201362.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR81","unstructured":"Law 16 februari 2009 [In Dutch: Koninklijk Besluit 16 februari 2009 tot wijziging van het koninklijk besluit van 23 maart 1982 tot vaststelling van het persoonlijk aandeel van de rechthebbenden of van de tegemoetkoming van de verzekering voor geneeskundige verzorging in het honorarium voor bepaalde verstrekkingen]. Feb 16, 2009."},{"key":"723_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2006.04.008","volume":"7","author":"JD Lepeleire","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lepeleire JD, Leirman W. Poor effect of family practice physician training at the organizational level in long-term care facilities in Flanders. Belgium J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2006;7:470.","journal-title":"Belgium J Am Med Dir Assoc"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-018-0723-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T09:51:26Z","timestamp":1660470686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-018-0723-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-018-0723-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 December 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No ethics committee approval was required. Local laws state that studies of this nature do not require ethical approval, see Belgian Law of 7 May 2004 on experiments on the human person. In Art. 3 (definitions and application) it states that only studies that have a direct intention to increase medical knowledge fall within the scope of the Law. Workshops such as those in the study do not have the direct intention to increase medical knowledge and cannot be considered as interventional research. They were expert consultations and served to gather expert opinion about elements needed to successfully implement ACP in nursing homes, rather than people\u2019s individual opinions, beliefs or experiences. Alongside the invitation to participate, all participants received an informational letter (one page explaining aim of each workshop, including a detailed script of each workshop [see Additional\u00a0file\u00a0]) prior to participation. They agreed to participate in writing (e-mail). The recording of the workshops was announced in the letter. After they provided their verbal consent to audio- and videotape the workshops, their consent was explicitly recorded on tape. Written consent was not necessary because no intervention was performed that could affect the physical or psychological integrity of the participants. This was approved by the Ethics Committee of University Hospital Brussels.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Deliens L. serves as a member of the BMC Geriatrics editorial board. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"47"}}