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Written or verbal informed consent was obtained on enrollment into Health and Retirement Study (HRS). (For each wave of HRS survey, half of the surveys are done in person and half are done over the telephone. Thus, because many participants\u2019 first surveys are completed by telephone and not in person, these participants complete verbal consent for enrollment in the study, and this mode of consent was approved by the IRB). Because participants are enrolled from the community at the ages for 51\u201354\u00a0years, there is a very low rate of cognitive impairment at the time of enrollment into the study. However, if it is determined that a participant has cognitive impairment, then informed consent is obtained from a proxy. In addition to providing consent for enrollment into HRS, participants also provided informed consent (always written) for linkage to Medicare records.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant potential conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"42"}}