{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:26:38Z","timestamp":1790742398370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI 17\/01887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 17\/01887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-1024-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T12:03:13Z","timestamp":1548676993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effectiveness of an intervention in multicomponent exercise in primary care to improve frailty parameters in patients over 70\u2009years of age (MEFAP-project), a randomised clinical trial: rationale and study design"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"name":"MEFAP Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. V.","family":"Castell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Misis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Triano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"de Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Julian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Polentinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rodriguez-Barrientos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Otero Puime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1024_CR1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica (National Institute of Statistics). Esperanza de vida al nacimiento seg\u00fan sexo (Life expectancy at birth, by sex). http:\/\/www.ine.es\/jaxiT3\/Datos.htm?t=1414 (2018). Accessed 21 Sept 2018."},{"key":"1024_CR2","unstructured":"Strategic implementation plan for the European innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing. European Commission COM (2012) 83. 2012. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eip\/ageing\/library\/strategic-implementation-plan-sip-european-innovation-partnership-active-and-healthy-ageing_en . Accessed 21 Sept 2018."},{"key":"1024_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO-Eur). Strategy and action plan for healthy ageing in Europe, 2012\u20132020. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen 2012. http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/Life-stages\/healthy-ageing\/publications\/2012\/strategy-and-action-plan-for-healthy-ageing-in-europe,-20122020 . Accessed 21 Sept 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"1024_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","volume":"56","author":"LP Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146\u201356.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1024_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","volume":"60","author":"RM Collard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, Oude Voshaar RC. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(8):1487\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1024_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","volume":"14","author":"JE Morley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(6):392\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"21","key":"1024_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1209034","volume":"367","author":"F Cerreta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cerreta F, Eichler HG, Rasi G. Drug policy for an aging population--the European medicines Agency's geriatric medicines strategy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(21):1972\u20134.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1024_CR8","first-page":"383","volume":"46","author":"P MTE","year":"2017","unstructured":"MTE P, Toubasi S, Andrew MK, Ashe MC, Ploeg J, Atkinson E, et al. Interventions to prevent or reduce the level of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review of the literature and international policies. Age Ageing. 2017;46(3):383\u201392.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1024_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.07.006","volume":"16","author":"N Fairhall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fairhall N, Sherrington C, Kurrle SE, Lord SR, Lockwood K, Howard K, et al. Economic evaluation of a multifactorial, interdisciplinary intervention versus usual care to reduce frailty in frail older people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(1):41\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1024_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2015.04.006","volume":"31","author":"JP Michel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michel JP, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Frailty CT. Exercise and nutrition. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015;31(3):375\u201387.","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1024_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.08.042","volume":"93","author":"CH Chou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chou CH, Hwang CL, Wu YT. Effect of exercise on physical function, daily living activities, and quality of life in the frail older adults: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(2):237\u201344.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1024_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.11.007","volume":"95","author":"M Gin\u00e9-Garriga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gin\u00e9-Garriga M, Roqu\u00e9-F\u00edguls M, Coll-Planas L, Sitj\u00e0-Rabert M, Salv\u00e0 A. Physical exercise interventions for improving performance-based measures of physical function in community-dwelling, frail older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(4):753\u201369.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"1024_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.01.019","volume":"17","author":"FJ Tarazona-Santabalbina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, G\u00f3mez-Cabrera MC, P\u00e9rez-Ros P, Mart\u00ednez-Arnau FM, Cabo H, Tsaparas K, et al. A multicomponent exercise intervention that reverses Frailty and improves cognition, emotion, and social networking in the community-dwelling frail elderly: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(5):426\u201333.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1024_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2012.1397","volume":"16","author":"EL Cadore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cadore EL, Rodriguez-Manas L, Sinclair A, Izquierdo M. Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation Res. 2013;16(2):105\u201314.","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1024_CR15","first-page":"275","volume":"105","author":"CA Pfortmueller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pfortmueller CA, Lindner G, Exadaktylos AK. Reducing fall risk in the elderly: risk factors and fall prevention a systematic review. Minerva Med. 2014;105(4):275\u201381.","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1024_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110025","volume":"2","author":"FW Booth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012;2(2):1143\u2013211.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"1024_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.04.009","volume":"93","author":"I Artaza-Artabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Artaza-Artabe I, S\u00e1ez-L\u00f3pez P, S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez N, Fern\u00e1ndez-Gutierrez N, Malafarina V. The relationship between nutrition and frailty: effects of protein intake, nutritional supplementation, vitamin D and exercise on muscle metabolism in the elderly. A systematic review. Maturitas. 2016;93:89\u201399.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"3","key":"1024_CR18","first-page":"227","volume":"61","author":"L Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee L, Heckman G, Frailty MFJ. Identifying elderly patients at high risk of poor outcomes. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61(3):227\u201331.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"1024_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-016-0081-8","volume":"3","author":"V Shier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shier V, Trieu E, Ganz DA. Implementing exercise programs to prevent falls: systematic descriptive review. Inj Epidemiol. 2016;3(1):16.","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"1024_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-125","volume":"14","author":"L Romera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romera L, Orfila F, Segura JM, Ramirez A, M\u00f6ller M, Fabra ML, et al. Effectiveness of a primary care based multifactorial intervention to improve frailty parameters in the elderly: a randomised clinical trial: rationale and study design. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:125.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1024_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/rnj.25","volume":"37","author":"K Daniel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daniel K. Wii-hab for pre-frail older adults. Rehabil Nurs. 2012;37(4):195\u2013201.","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"1024_CR22","first-page":"401","volume":"46","author":"M Serra-Prat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serra-Prat M, Sist X, Domenich R, Jurado L, Saiz A, Roces A, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention to prevent frailty in pre-frail community-dwelling older people consulting in primary care: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2017;46(3):401\u20137.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"1024_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw081","volume":"45","author":"EO Hoogendijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoogendijk EO. How effective is integrated care for community-dwelling frail older people? The case of the Netherlands. Age Ageing. 2016;45(5):585\u20138.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"7","key":"1024_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-016-1134-x","volume":"49","author":"E Freiberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freiberger E, Kemmler W, Siegrist M, Sieber C. Frailty and exercise interventions: evidence and barriers for exercise programs. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;49(7):606\u201311.","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1024_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4321\/S1137-66272012000100007","volume":"35","author":"A Casas-Herrero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Casas-Herrero A, Izquierdo M. Physical exercise as an efficient intervention in frail elderly persons. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2012;35(1):69\u201385.","journal-title":"An Sist Sanit Navar"},{"key":"1024_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S128324","volume":"12","author":"E Burton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burton E, Hill AM, Pettigrew S, Lewin G, Bainbridge L, Farrier K, et al. Why do seniors leave resistance training programs? Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:585\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1024_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0715-2","volume":"29","author":"F Landi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landi F, Cesari M, Calvani R, Cherubini A, Di Bari M, Bejuit R, et al. The \u201csarcopenia and physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT treatment strategies\u201d (SPRINTT) randomized controlled trial: design and methods. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(1):89\u2013100.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1024_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regg.2016.03.004","volume":"52","author":"M Izquierdo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Izquierdo M, Casas-Herrero A, Mart\u00ednez-Velilla N, Alonso-Bouz\u00f3n C, Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as L. An example of cooperation for implementing programs associated with the promotion of exercise in the frail elderly. European Erasmus + \u00abVivifrail\u00bb program. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2017;52(2):110\u20131.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol"},{"key":"1024_CR29","unstructured":"Ministerio de Sanidad, servicios sociales e igualdad. Documento de consenso sobre prevenci\u00f3n de fragilidad y ca\u00eddas en la persona mayor. 2014. http:\/\/www.mscbs.gob.es\/profesionales\/saludPublica\/prevPromocion\/Estrategia\/docs\/FragilidadyCaidas_personamayor.pdf . Accessed 21 Sept 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"1024_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0763-7","volume":"14","author":"R Pavasini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pavasini R, Guralnik J, Brown JC, di Bari M, Cesari M, Landi F, et al. Short physical performance battery and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2016;14(1):215.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"1024_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","volume":"16","author":"JE Morley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Millar DK. A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged african americans. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:601\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1024_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04074.x","volume":"60","author":"J Woo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Comparison of frailty indicators based on clinical phenotype and the multiple deficit approach in predicting mortality and physical limitation. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:1478\u201386.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1024_CR33","volume-title":"MMSE. MiniMental state examination. User\u2019s guide. Lutz, Florida: psychological assessment resources; 2001. (translation and adaptation to spanish: lobo a, Saz P, Marcos G, Grupo de Trabajo ZARADEMP. MMSE: Examen Cognoscitivo mini-mental)","author":"MF Folstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR, Fanjiang G. MMSE. MiniMental state examination. User\u2019s guide. Lutz, Florida: psychological assessment resources; 2001. (translation and adaptation to spanish: lobo a, Saz P, Marcos G, Grupo de Trabajo ZARADEMP. MMSE: Examen Cognoscitivo mini-mental). Madrid: TEA Ediciones; 2002."},{"key":"1024_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"L Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff L. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385\u2013401.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"issue":"11","key":"1024_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2011.07.002","volume":"47","author":"D Donaire-Gonzalez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donaire-Gonzalez D, Gimeno-Santos E, Serra I, Roca J, Balcells E, Rodr\u00edguez E, et al. Validation of the Yale physical activity survey in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Arch Bronconeumol. 2011;47(11):552\u201360.","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1024_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0212-6567(01)70406-4","volume":"28","author":"M Herdman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herdman M, Bad\u00eda X, Berra S. El EuroQol-5D: una alternativa sencilla para la medici\u00f3n de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en atenci\u00f3n primaria. At Primaria. 2010;28(6):425\u20139.","journal-title":"At Primaria"},{"key":"1024_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.4321\/S1131-57682002001000003","volume":"12","author":"J Martinez de la Iglesia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martinez de la Iglesia J, On\u00eds Vilches MC, Due\u00f1as Herrero R, Aguado Taberna C, Albert Colomer C, Luque Luque R. Versi\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola del cuestionario de Yesavage abreviado (GDS) para el cribado de depresi\u00f3n en mayores de 65 a\u00f1os: Adaptaci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n. Medifam. 2002;12:620\u201330.","journal-title":"Medifam"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-018-1024-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-018-1024-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-018-1024-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T01:28:50Z","timestamp":1662859730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-018-1024-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-018-1024-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The trial respects the basic ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, justice and doing no harm. Its implementation will follow the standards of Good Clinical Practice, the principles enunciated in the last Declaration of Helsinki (Fortaleza 2013), and the Oviedo Convention (1997).Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study. All the objectives, physical tests, and aspects related to the methodology and the intervention will be explained orally and in writing. Researcher\u2019s commitment will be requested from each participating professional. Data confidentiality and anonymity will be guaranteed in all phases of the study following the 2009 law regulating personal data protection.The project has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital La Paz in Madrid (HULP 5004) in March 2018.The project has been registered in ClinicalTrial in 26 June 2018 (code: NCT03568084). The provided trial registration number is not retrospectively registered. The date of enrollment of the first participant to the trial was July 2nd 2018.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"25"}}