{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:48:07Z","timestamp":1788482887098,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003132","name":"Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IWT-140027 SBO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IWT-140027 SBO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Many instruments to identify frail older people have been developed. One of the consequences is that the prevalence rates of frailty vary widely dependent on the instrument selected. The aims of this study were 1) to examine the concordances and differences between a unidimensional and multidimensional assessment of frailty, 2) to assess to what extent the characteristics of a \u2018frail sample\u2019 differ depending on the selected frailty measurement because \u2018being frail\u2019 is used in many studies as an inclusion criterion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 community-dwelling older adults (\u226560\u2009years), which were selected from the census records. Unidimensional frailty was operationalized according to the Fried Phenotype (FP) and multidimensional frailty was measured with the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument (CFAI). The concordances and differences were examined by prevalence, correlations, observed agreement and Kappa values. Differences between sample characteristics (e.g., age, physical activity, life satisfaction) were investigated with ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis test.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean age was 72.74 (SD 8.04) and 48.98% was male. According to the FP 23.59% was not-frail, 56.92% pre-frail and 19.49% frail. According to the CFAI, 44.33% was no-to-low frail, 37.63% was mild frail and 18.04% was high frail. The correlation between FP and the CFAI was r\u2009=\u20090.46 and the observed agreement was 52.85%. The Kappa value was \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.35 (quadratic \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.45). In total, 11.92% of the participants were frail according to both measurements, 7.77% was solely frail according to the FP and 6.21% was solely frail according to the CFAI. The \u2018frail sample respondents\u2019 according to the FP had higher levels of life satisfaction and net income, but performed less physical activities in comparison to high frail people according to the CFAI.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study shows that the FP and CFAI partly measure the same \u2018frailty-construct\u2019, although differences were found for instance in the prevalence of frailty and the composition of the \u2018frail participants\u2019. Since \u2018being frail\u2019 is an inclusion criterion in many studies, researchers must be aware that the choice of the frailty measurement has an impact on both the estimates of frailty prevalence and the characteristics of the selected sample.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1369-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T11:04:07Z","timestamp":1575975847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Concordances and differences between a unidimensional and multidimensional assessment of frailty: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"name":"D-SCOPE consortium","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9381-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C. 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