{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:51:01Z","timestamp":1788587461544,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Falls are the leading cause of injuries among older adults. Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) is an innovative approach to fall prevention that aims to improve the reactive balance response following perturbations such as slipping and tripping. Many of these PBT studies have targeted reactive balance after slipping <jats:italic>or<\/jats:italic> tripping, despite <jats:italic>both<\/jats:italic> contributing to a large proportion of older adult falls. The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of PBT targeting slipping <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> tripping on laboratory-induced slips and trips. To build upon prior work, the present study included: 1) a control group; 2) separate training and assessment sessions; 3) PBT methods potentially more amenable for use outside the lab compared to methods employed elsewhere, and 4) individualized training for older adult participants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-four community-dwelling, healthy older adults (61\u201375\u2009years) were assigned to PBT or a control intervention using minimization. Using a parallel design, reactive balance (primary outcome) and fall incidence were assessed before and after four sessions of BRT or a control intervention involving general balance exercises. Assessments involved exposing participants to an unexpected laboratory-induced slip or trip. Reactive balance and fall incidence were compared between three mutually-exclusive groups: 1) baseline participants who experienced a slip (or trip) before either intervention, 2) post-control participants who experienced a slip (or trip) after the control intervention, and 3) post-PBT participants who experienced a slip (or trip) after PBT. Neither the participants nor investigators were blinded to group assignment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All 34 participants completed all four sessions of their assigned intervention, and all 34 participants were analyzed. Regarding slips, several measures of reactive balance were improved among post-PBT participants when compared to baseline participants or post-control participants, and fall incidence among post-PBT participants (18%) was lower than among baseline participants (80%). Regarding trips, neither reactive balance nor fall incidence differed between groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PBT targeting slipping and tripping improved reactive balance and fall incidence after laboratory-induced slips. Improvements were not observed after laboratory-induced trips. The disparity in efficacy between slips and trip may have resulted from differences in dosage and specificity between slip and trip training.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Name of Clinical Trial Registry:<\/jats:bold><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Trial Registration number: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04308239\">NCT04308239<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Date of Registration:<\/jats:bold> March 13, 2020 (retrospectively registered).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01605-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T07:02:43Z","timestamp":1591945363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Perturbation-based balance training targeting both slip- and trip-induced falls among older adults: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Leigh J.","family":"Allin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Gunnar","family":"Brolinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briana M.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunwook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maury A.","family":"Nussbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Roberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1605_CR1","volume-title":"Ten leading causes of death and injury","author":"CDC","year":"2015","unstructured":"CDC. Ten leading causes of death and injury. 2015 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/LeadingCauses.html."},{"key":"1605_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6537a2","volume":"65","author":"G Bergen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bergen G, Stevens M, Burns E. Falls and fall injuries among adults aged \u226565 years \u2014 United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:993\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1605_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15304","volume":"66","author":"CS Florence","year":"2018","unstructured":"Florence CS, Bergen G, Atherly A, Burns E, Stevens J, Drake C. Medical costs of fatal and nonfatal falls in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(4):693\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1605_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7533","volume":"175","author":"CT Cigolle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cigolle CT, Ha J, Min LC, Lee PG, Gure TR, Alexander NB, et al. The epidemiologic data on falls, 1998-2010: more older Americans report falling. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(3):443\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1605_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318268c89f","volume":"44","author":"MD Grabiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grabiner MD, Bareither ML, Gatts S, Marone J, Troy KL. Task-specific training reduces trip-related fall risk in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(12):2410\u20134.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"11","key":"1605_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060326","volume":"87","author":"YC Pai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pai YC, Bhatt TS. Repeated-slip training: an emerging paradigm for prevention of slip-related falls among older adults. Phys Ther. 2007;87(11):1478\u201391.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"1605_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-7-12","volume":"7","author":"A Mansfield","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mansfield A, Peters AL, Liu BA, Maki BE. A perturbation-based balance training program for older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2007;7:12.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"13","key":"1605_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130110085547","volume":"44","author":"MS Redfern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Redfern MS, Cham R, Gielo-Perczak K, Gronqvist R, Hirvonen M, Lanshammar H, et al. Biomechanics of slips. Ergonomics. 2001;44(13):1138\u201366.","journal-title":"Ergonomics."},{"issue":"6","key":"1605_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2017.1413212","volume":"61","author":"LJ Allin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allin LJ, Nussbaum MA, Madigan ML. Feet kinematics upon slipping discriminate between recoveries and three types of slip-induced falls. Ergonomics. 2018;61(6):866\u201376.","journal-title":"Ergonomics."},{"issue":"1","key":"1605_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2018-0076","volume":"35","author":"LJ Allin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allin LJ, Nussbaum MA, Madigan ML. Two novel slip training methods improve the likelihood of recovering balance after a laboratory-induced slip. J Appl Biomech. 2019;35(1):37\u201343.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"1605_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M97","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.3.M97","volume":"48","author":"MD Grabiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grabiner MD, Koh TJ, Lundin TM, Jahnigen DW. Kinematics of recovery from a stumble. J Gerontol. 1993;48(3):M97\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1605_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.02.001","volume":"45","author":"T-Y Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang T-Y, Bhatt T, Yang F, Pai Y-C. Adaptive control reduced trip-induced forward gait instability among young adults. J Biomech. 2012;45(7):1169\u201375.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"7","key":"1605_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.02.051","volume":"49","author":"C McCrum","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCrum C, Epro G, Meijer K, Zijlstra W, Bruggemann GP, Karamanidis K. Locomotor stability and adaptation during perturbed walking across the adult female lifespan. J Biomech. 2016;49(7):1244\u20137.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"9","key":"1605_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz018","volume":"74","author":"J Aviles","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aviles J, Allin LJ, Alexander NB, Van Mullekom J, Nussbaum MA, Madigan ML. Comparison of treadmill trip-like training versus tai chi to improve reactive balance among independent older adult residents of senior housing: a pilot controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019;74(9):1497\u2013503.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1605_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.09.010","volume":"26","author":"KA Bieryla","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bieryla KA, Madigan ML, Nussbaum MA. Practicing recovery from a simulated trip improves recovery kinematics after an actual trip. Gait Posture. 2007;26(2):208\u201313.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"9","key":"1605_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12428","volume":"61","author":"NJ Rosenblatt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenblatt NJ, Marone J, Grabiner MD. Preventing trip-related falls by community-dwelling adults: a prospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(9):1629\u201331.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1605_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.4.261","volume":"26","author":"WP Berg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berg WP, Alessio HM, Mills EM, Tong C. Circumstances and consequences of falls in independent community-dwelling older adults. Age Ageing. 1997;26(4):261\u20138.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1605_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.013","volume":"246","author":"T Bhatt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhatt T, Wang TY, Yang F, Pai YC. Adaptation and generalization to opposing perturbations in walking. Neuroscience. 2013;246:435\u201350.","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"4","key":"1605_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1299\/jbse.17-00558","volume":"13","author":"MA Brodie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brodie MA, Okubo Y, Sturnieks DL, Lord SR. Optimizing successful balance recovery from unexpected trips and slips. J Biomech Sci Eng. 2018;13(4):17\u201300558 advpub.","journal-title":"J Biomech Sci Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"1605_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202913","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202913","volume":"13","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Brodie MA, Sturnieks DL, Hicks C, Carter H, Toson B, et al. Exposure to trips and slips with increasing unpredictability while walking can improve balance recovery responses with minimum predictive gait alterations. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0202913.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1605_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.016","volume":"67","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Brodie MA, Sturnieks DL, Hicks C, Lord SR. A pilot study of reactive balance training using trips and slips with increasing unpredictability in young and older adults: biomechanical mechanisms, falls and clinical feasibility. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2019;67:171\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1605_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974155443","volume":"15","author":"DR Taves","year":"1974","unstructured":"Taves DR. Minimization: a new method of assigning patients to treatment and control groups. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1974;15(5):443\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"1605_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","volume":"35","author":"CL Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381\u201395.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1605_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","volume":"39","author":"D Podsiadlo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed \u201cup & go\u201d: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1605_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01479.x","volume":"45","author":"BJ Vellas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vellas BJ, Wayne SJ, Romero L, Baumgartner RN, Rubenstein LZ, Garry PJ. One-leg balance is an important predictor of injurious falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(6):735\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1605_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x","volume":"34","author":"ME Tinetti","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34(2):119\u201326.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1605_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P239","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.6.P239","volume":"45","author":"ME Tinetti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tinetti ME, Richman D, Powell L. Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. J Gerontol. 1990;45(6):P239\u201343.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"1605_CR28","volume-title":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","author":"CR Garman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garman CR, Nussbaum MA, Franck CT, Madigan ML. Falls resulting from a laboratory-induced trip occur at a higher rate among individuals who are obese. In: IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors; 2016. accepted."},{"issue":"5","key":"1605_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.01.018","volume":"49","author":"LJ Allin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allin LJ, Wu X, Nussbaum MA, Madigan ML. Falls resulting from a laboratory-induced slip occur at a higher rate among individuals who are obese. J Biomech. 2016;49(5):678\u201383.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"7115","key":"1605_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7115.1065","volume":"315","author":"AJ Campbell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM, Norton RN, Tilyard MW, Buchner DM. Randomised controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. BMJ. 1997;315(7115):1065\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"1605_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364616650085","volume":"41","author":"NJ Rosenblatt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenblatt NJ, Bauer A, Grabiner MD. Relating minimum toe clearance to prospective, self-reported, trip-related stumbles in the community. Prosthetics Orthot Int. 2016;41(4):387\u201392.","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"issue":"Supplement C","key":"1605_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.06.003","volume":"48","author":"KE Beschorner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beschorner KE, Albert DL, Redfern MS. Required coefficient of friction during level walking is predictive of slipping. Gait Posture. 2016;48(Supplement C):256\u201360.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"1605_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00288-4","volume":"37","author":"SJ Piazza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Piazza SJ, Erdemir A, Okita N, Cavanagh PR. Assessment of the functional method of hip joint center location subject to reduced range of hip motion. J Biomech. 2004;37(3):349\u201356.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"1605_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.025","volume":"38","author":"AL Hof","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hof AL, Gazendam MGJ, Sinke WE. The condition for dynamic stability. J Biomech. 2005;38(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"1605_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00250-0","volume":"35","author":"MJ Pavol","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pavol MJ, Owings TM, Grabiner MD. Body segment inertial parameter estimation for the general population of older adults. J Biomech. 2002;35(5):707\u201312.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"1605_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227520","volume":"102","author":"JJ Eng","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eng JJ, Winter DA, Patla AE. Strategies for recovery from a trip in early and late swing during human walking. Exp Brain Res. 1994;102(2):339\u201349.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1605_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M583","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.11.M583","volume":"54","author":"MJ Pavol","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pavol MJ, Owings TM, Foley KT, Grabiner MD. Gait characteristics as risk factors for falling from trips induced in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54(11):M583\u201390.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1605_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0658-6","volume":"17","author":"SK Rai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rai SK, Yazdany J, Fortin PR, Avina-Zubieta JA. Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:143.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1605_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M428","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.7.M428","volume":"56A","author":"MJ Pavol","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pavol MJ, Owings TM, Foley KT, Grabiner MD. Mechanisms leading to a fall from an induced trip in healthy older adults. J Gerontol. 2001;56A(7):M428\u2013M37.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1605_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175\u201391.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"1605_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00150-3","volume":"15","author":"R Cham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cham R, Redfern MS. Changes in gait when anticipating slippery floors. Gait Posture. 2002;15(2):159\u201371.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"7","key":"1605_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.02.001","volume":"45","author":"T-Y Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang T-Y, Bhatt T, Yang F, Pai Y-C. Adaptive control reduces trip-induced forward gait instability among young adults. J Biomech. 2012;45(7):1169\u201375.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"1605_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1744-6","volume":"155","author":"S Quant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quant S, Adkin AL, Staines WR, McIlroy WE. Cortical activation following a balance disturbance. Exp Brain Res. 2004;155(3):393\u2013400.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1605_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.10.026","volume":"41","author":"ML Pater","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pater ML, Rosenblatt NJ, Grabiner MD. Expectation of an upcoming large postural perturbation influences the recovery stepping response and outcome. Gait Posture. 2015;41(1):335\u20137.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"12","key":"1605_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu087","volume":"69","author":"YC Pai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pai YC, Bhatt T, Yang F, Wang E. Perturbation training can reduce community-dwelling older adults\u2019 annual fall risk: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(12):1586\u201394.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1605_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.12.017","volume":"84","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Bhatt T, Liu X, Wang S, Lee A, Wang E, et al. Can treadmill-slip perturbation training reduce immediate risk of over-ground-slip induced fall among community-dwelling older adults? J Biomech. 2019;84:58\u201366.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"1605_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008","volume":"45","author":"AC Leon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leon AC, Davis LL, Kraemer HC. The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(5):626\u20139.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1605_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000023","volume":"42","author":"MD Grabiner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grabiner MD, Crenshaw JR, Hurt CP, Rosenblatt NJ, Troy KL. Exercise-based fall prevention: can you be a bit more specific? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2014;42(4):161\u20138.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1605_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000210","volume":"48","author":"K Karamanidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karamanidis K, Epro G, McCrum C, Konig M. Improving trip- and slip-resisting skills in older people: perturbation dose matters. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2020;48(1):40\u20137.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1605_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100704","volume":"138","author":"O Bock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bock O, Schneider S, Bloomberg J. Conditions for interference versus facilitation during sequential sensorimotor adaptation. Exp Brain Res. 2001;138(3):359\u201365.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1605_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13082","volume":"17","author":"MHG Gerards","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerards MHG, McCrum C, Mansfield A, Meijer K. Perturbation-based balance training for falls reduction among older adults: current evidence and implications for clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(12):2294\u2013303.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1605_CR52","first-page":"51","volume":"5","author":"J Aviles","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aviles J, Porter GC, Estabrooks PA, Alexander NB, Madigan ML. Potential implementation of reactive balance training within continuing care retirement communities. Transl J Am Coll Sports Med. 2019;5(6):51\u20138.","journal-title":"Transl J Am Coll Sports Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01605-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01605-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01605-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T23:19:20Z","timestamp":1623453560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01605-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01605-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Virginia Tech Institutional Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"205"}}