{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:34:33Z","timestamp":1778812473586,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Flemish Government, Department of Welfare, Public Health & Family"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A validated evidence-based guideline was developed to reduce physical restraint use in home care. However, the implementation of guidelines in home care is challenging. Therefore, this study aims to systematically develop and evaluate a multicomponent program for the implementation of the guideline for reducing the use of physical restraints in home care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intervention Mapping was used to develop a multicomponent program. This method contains six steps. Each step comprises several tasks towards the design, implementation and evaluation of an intervention; which is theory and evidence informed, as well as practical. To ensure that the multicomponent program would support the implementation of the guideline in home care, a feasibility study of 8 months was organized in one primary care district in Flanders, Belgium. A concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was used to evaluate the multicomponent program consisting of a knowledge test, focus groups and an online survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior are the foundations of the multicomponent program. Based on modeling, active learning, guided practice, belief selection and resistance to social pressure, eight practical applications were developed to operationalize these methods. The key components of the program are: the ambassadors for restraint-free home care (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915), the tutorials, the physical restraint checklist and the flyer. The results of the feasibility study show the necessity to select uniform terminology and definition for physical restraints, to involve all stakeholders from the beginning of the process, to take time for the implementation process, to select competent ambassadors and to collaborate with other home care providers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multicomponent program shows promising results. Prior to future use, further research needs to focus on the last two steps of Intervention Mapping (program implementation plan and developing an evaluation plan), to guide implementation on a larger scale and to formally evaluate the effectiveness of the multicomponent program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01946-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T04:06:11Z","timestamp":1611547571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reducing the use of physical restraints in home care: development and feasibility testing of a multicomponent program to support the implementation of a guideline"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Vandervelde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristien","family":"Scheepmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Milisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"van Achterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Vlaeyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Flamaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1887-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadette","family":"Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheepmans K, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B, Paquay L, Van Gansbeke H, Boonen S, Milisen K. Restraint use in home care: A qualitative study from a nursing perspective. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14(1):17.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-17"},{"key":"1946_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-39","volume":"14","author":"S Kurata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kurata S, Ojima T. Knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of family caregivers and home care providers of physical restraint use with home-dwelling elders: A cross-sectional study in Japan. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:39.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1946_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.11.008","volume":"79","author":"K Scheepmans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scheepmans K, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B, Paquay L, Milisen K. Restraint use in older adults in home care: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;79:122\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"11","key":"1946_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14435","volume":"64","author":"MHC Bleijlevens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bleijlevens MHC, Wagner LM, Capezuti E, Hamers JPH. Physical restraints: consensus of a research definition using a modified Delphi technique. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(11):2307\u201310.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1946_CR5","unstructured":"Belgielex. 10 mei 2015 - Geco\u00f6rdineerde wet betreffende de uitoefening van de gezondheidszorgberoepen. https:\/\/www.ejustice.just.fgov.be\/cgi_loi\/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&cn=2015051006&table_name=wet. Accessed 1 April 2019."},{"key":"1946_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02440.x","volume":"57","author":"AJ De veer","year":"2009","unstructured":"De veer AJ, Francke AL, Buijse R, Friele RD. The use of physical restraints in home care in the Netherlands. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:1881\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1946_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13946","volume":"64","author":"JPH Hamers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hamers JPH, Bleijlevens MHC, Gulpers MJM, Verbeek H. Behind closed doors: involuntary treatment in Care of Persons with cognitive impairment at home in the Netherlands. JAGS. 2016;64(2):354\u20138.","journal-title":"JAGS."},{"issue":"8","key":"1946_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14880","volume":"65","author":"K Scheepmans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scheepmans K, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B, Paquay L, Van Gansbeke H, Milisen K. Restraint Use in Older Adults Receiving Home Care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(8):1769\u201376.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1946_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.07.019","volume":"89","author":"K Scheepmans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scheepmans K, Milisen K, Vanbrabant K, Paquay L, Van Gansbeke H, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B. Factors associated with use of restraints on older adults with home care: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;89:39\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"1946_CR10","unstructured":"Belgielex. 12 januari 2006 - Koninklijk besluit tot vaststelling van de verpleegkundige activiteiten die de zorgkundigen mogen uitvoeren en de voorwaarden waaronder de zorgkundigen deze handelingen mogen stellen. http:\/\/www.ejustice.just.fgov.be\/cgi_loi\/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&cn=2006011246&table_name=wet. Accessed 18 April 2019."},{"key":"1946_CR11","unstructured":"Belgielex. 18 juni 1990 - Koninklijk besluit houdende vaststelling van de lijst van de technische verpleegkundige verstrekkingen en de lijst van de handelingen die door een arts aan beoefenaars van de verpleegkunde kunnen worden toevertrouwd, alsmede de wijze van uitvoering van die verstrekkingen en handelingen en de kwalificatievereisten waaraan de beoefenaars van de verpleegkunde moeten voldoen. http:\/\/www.ejustice.just.fgov.be\/cgi_loi\/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&table_name=wet&cn=1990061837. Accessed 18 April 2019."},{"issue":"6","key":"1946_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05909.x","volume":"68","author":"S Goethals","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goethals S, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B, Gastmans C. Nurses\u2019 descision-making in cases of physical restraint: a synthesis of qualitative evidence. J Adv Nurs. 2012;68(6):1198\u2013210.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"1946_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2010.01341.x","volume":"42","author":"A Haut","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haut A, Kolbe N, Strupeit S, Mayer H, Meyer G. Attitudes of relatives of nursing home residents toward physical restraints. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2010;42(4):448\u201356.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"issue":"3","key":"1946_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2005.012708","volume":"32","author":"C Gastmans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gastmans C, Milisen K. Use of physical restraint in nursing homes: clinical-ethical considerations. J Med Ethics. 2006;32(3):148\u201352.","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"1946_CR15","volume-title":"Streven naar een fixatiearme thuiszorg: Praktijkrichtlijn","author":"K Scheepmans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scheepmans K, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B, Paquay L, Van Gansbeke H, Milisen K. Streven naar een fixatiearme thuiszorg: Praktijkrichtlijn. 1st ed. Leuven: Acco; 2016.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1946_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-1499-y","volume":"20","author":"K Scheepmans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scheepmans K, Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 B, Paquay L, Van Gansbeke H, Milisen K. Reducing physical restraints by older adults in home care: development of an evidence-based guideline. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):169.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1946_CR17","unstructured":"CEBAM. Belgisch Centrum voor Evidence Based Medicine. https:\/\/www.cebam.be\/. Accessed 3 October 2020."},{"key":"1946_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118525975","volume-title":"Improving patient care - the implementation of change in health care","author":"R Grol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grol R, Wensing M, Eccles M, Davis D. Improving patient care - the implementation of change in health care. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley; 2013.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1946_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2010.116012","volume":"87","author":"S Mickan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mickan S, Burls A, Glasziou P. Patterns of \u201cleakage\u201d in the utilisation of clinical guidelines: a systematic review. Postgrad Med J. 2011;87:670\u20139.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"1946_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau R, Stevenson F, Ong BN, Dziedzic K, Treweek S, Eldridge S, et al. Achieving change in primary care \u2014 causes of the evidence to practice gap: systematic reviews of reviews. Implement Sci. 2016;11:40.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0396-4"},{"key":"1946_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203794982","volume-title":"Complex interventions in health - an overview of research methods","author":"D Richards","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richards D, Hallberg I. Complex interventions in health - an overview of research methods. 1st ed. New York: Routledge; 2015.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"5","key":"1946_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.010","volume":"50","author":"P Craig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M. Developing and evaluating complex interventions : the new Medical Research Council guidance. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(5):587\u201392.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"11","key":"1946_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03662.x","volume":"59","author":"MJM Gulpers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gulpers MJM, Bleijlevens MHC, Ambergen T, Capezuti E, Van Rossum E, Hamers JPH. Belt restraint reduction in nursing homes: effects of a multicomponent intervention program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(11):2029\u201336.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"20","key":"1946_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.4517","volume":"307","author":"S K\u00f6pke","year":"2012","unstructured":"K\u00f6pke S, M\u00fchlhauser I, Gerlach A, Haut A, Haastert B, M\u00f6hler R, et al. Effect of a guideline-based multicomponent intervention on use of physical restraints in nursing homes. JAMA. 2012;307(20):2177\u201384.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1946_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12296","volume":"49","author":"EH Kong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kong EH, Song E, Evans LK. Effects of a multicomponent restraint reduction program for Korean nursing home staff. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2017;49(3):325\u201335.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"1946_CR26","first-page":"3070","volume":"2","author":"R M\u00f6hler","year":"2011","unstructured":"M\u00f6hler R, Richter T, K\u00f6pke S, Meyer G. Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints in long-term geriatric care - a Cochrane review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Interv. 2011;2:3070\u201381.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev Interv"},{"key":"1946_CR27","first-page":"704","volume-title":"Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach","author":"LK Bartholomew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartholomew LK, Kok G, Ruiter RA, Fernandez ME, Markham CM. Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. 4th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2016. p. 704.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1946_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flottorp SA, Oxman AD, Krause J, Musila NR, Wensing M, Godycki-cwirko M, et al. A checklist for identifying determinants of practice: A systematic review and synthesis of frameworks and taxonomies of factors that prevent or enable improvements in healthcare professional practice. Implement Sci. 2013;8:35.","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-35"},{"key":"1946_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kok G, Gottlieb NH, Peters GY, Mullen PD, Parcel GS, Ruiter RA, et al. A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: an intervention mapping approach. Health Psychol Rev. 2016;10(3):297\u2013312.","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2015.1077155"},{"key":"1946_CR30","unstructured":"Verschueren K. Omgevingsanalyse op niveau van de eerstelijnszone. Thema: zorg voor welzijn en zorg voor gezondheid. Eerstelijnszone Demerland. https:\/\/www.eerstelijnszone.be\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/Omgevingsanalyse%20op%20niveau%20van%20ELZ%20Demerland_4.pdf. Accessed 1 October 2020."},{"key":"1946_CR31","first-page":"520","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Plano Clark VL. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc; 2017. p. 520.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"3","key":"1946_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02501.x","volume":"41","author":"D Evans","year":"2003","unstructured":"Evans D, Wood J, Lambert L. Patient injury and physical restraint devices: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2003;41(3):274\u201382.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"1946_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann H, Hahn S. Characteristics of nursing home residents and physical restraint: a systematic literature review. J Clin Nurs. 2013;23:3012\u201324.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12384"},{"issue":"5","key":"1946_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckr133","volume":"22","author":"S Hoeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoeck S, Fran\u00e7ois G, Geerts J, Van der Heyden J, Vandewoude M, Van Hal G. Health-care and home-care utilization among frail elderly persons in Belgium. Eur J Pub Health. 2012;22(5):671\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"1946_CR35","first-page":"590","volume-title":"Health behavior and health education - theory, research and practice","author":"K Glanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glanz K, Bk R, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education - theory, research and practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002. p. 590.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1946_CR36","unstructured":"Belgielex. 10 OKTOBER 2008. - Besluit van de Vlaamse Regering tot regeling van de opleiding tot polyvalent verzorgende en de bijkomende opleidingsmodule tot zorgkundige. http:\/\/www.ejustice.just.fgov.be\/cgi_loi\/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&table_name=wet&cn=2008101036. Accessed 24 December 2019."},{"key":"1946_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong E, Choi H, Evans LK. Staff perceptions of barriers to physical restraint-reduction in long-term care: a meta-synthesis. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26:49\u201360.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13418"},{"issue":"2","key":"1946_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.06.007","volume":"46","author":"JPH Hamers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamers JPH, Meyer G, K\u00f6pke S, Lindenmann R, Groven R, Huizing AR. Attitudes of Dutch, German and Swiss nursing staff towards physical restraint use in nursing home residents, a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(2):248\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"1946_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Shakibazadeh E, Rashidian A, Hajimiri K, Glenton C, Noyes J, et al. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of doctor-nurse substitution strategies in primary care: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;4:CD010412.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010412.pub2"},{"key":"1946_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunaert P, Bastiaens H, Feyen L, Snauwaert B, Nobels F, Wens J, et al. Implementation of a program for type 2 diabetes based on the Chronic Care Model in a hospital-centered health care system: \"the Belgian experience\". BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:152.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-9-152"},{"key":"1946_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson M, Jackson R, Guillaume L, Meier P, Goyder E. Barriers and facilitators to implementing screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2010;33(3):412\u201321.","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdq095"},{"key":"1946_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadu MK, Stolee P. Facilitators and barriers of implementing the chronic care model in primary care: a systematic review. BMC Fam Pract. 2015;16:12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-014-0219-0"},{"key":"1946_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mckenna H, Ashton S, Keeney S. Barriers to evidence based practice in primary care: a review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004;41(4):369\u201378.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2003.10.008"},{"key":"1946_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batchelor F, Hwang K, Haralambous B, Fearn M, Mackel P, Nolte L, et al. Facilitators and barriers to advance care planning implementation in Australian aged care settings: a systematic review and thematic analysis. Australas J Ageing. 2019;38(3):173\u201381.","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12639"},{"key":"1946_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez C, Bacigalupe G, Cortada JM, Grandes G, Sanchez A, Pombo H, et al. The implementation of health promotion in primary and community care: a qualitative analysis of the \u2018 Prescribe Vida Saludable \u2019 strategy. BMC Fam Pract. 2017;18:23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-017-0584-6"},{"key":"1946_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sopcak N, Aguilar C, O\u2019Brien MA, Nykiforuk C, Aubrey-bassler K, Cullen R, et al. Implementation of the BETTER 2 program: a qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators of a novel way to improve chronic disease prevention and screening in primary care. Implement Sci. 2016;11:158.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0525-0"},{"issue":"12","key":"1946_CR47","first-page":"1322","volume":"56","author":"D Addington","year":"2010","unstructured":"Addington D, Kyle T, Desai S, Wang J. Facilitators and barriers to implementing quality measurement in primary mental health care - systematic review. Can Fam Physician. 2010;56(12):1322\u201331.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"1946_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubio-valera M, Pons-vigu\u00e9s M, Martinez-Andr\u00e9s M, Moreno-Peral P, Berenguera A, Fernandez A. Barriers and Facilitators for the Implementation of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion Activities in Primary Care: A Synthesis through Meta-Ethnography. PLoS One. 2014;9:2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089554"},{"issue":"38","key":"1946_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"SD French","year":"2012","unstructured":"French SD, Green SE, O\u2019Connor DA, McKenzie JE, Francis JJ, Michie S, et al. Developing theory-informed behaviour change interventions to implement evidence into practice: a systematic approach using the theoretical domains framework. Implement Sci. 2012;7(38):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1946_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0418-2","volume":"11","author":"DA Hurley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hurley DA, Murphy LC, Hayes D, Hall AM, Toomey E, McDonough SM, et al. Using intervention mapping to develop a theory-driven, group-based complex intervention to support self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain (SOLAS). Implement Sci. 2016;11:56.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1946_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-019-0425-6","volume":"5","author":"A O\u2019Cathain","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Cathain A, Croot L, Sworn K, Duncan E, Rousseau N, Turner K, et al. Taxonomy of approaches to developing interventions to improve health: a systematic methods overview. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2019;5:1\u201327.","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"1946_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kok G, Bartholomew LK, Parcel GS, Gottlieb NH, Fern E. Finding theory- and evidence-based alternatives to fear appeals: intervention mapping. Int J Psychol. 2014;49(2):98\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12001"},{"key":"1946_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1258","volume":"350","author":"GF Moore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moore GF, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2015;350:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01946-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01946-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01946-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T04:07:58Z","timestamp":1611547678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01946-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01946-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-50597\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-50597\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-50597\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-50597\/v4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Social and Societal Ethics Committee of Leuven University Hospitals, on 17 August 2017 (G-2017 08 877). All participants provided written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Koen Milisen is senior editor for BMC Geriatrics and Bernadette Dierckx de Casterl\u00e9 is associate editor for BMC Geriatrics.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"77"}}