{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:16:54Z","timestamp":1777929414064,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The happiness of older adults living alone warrants attention because they are more vulnerable to unhappiness than those living with families. The present study aimed to construct and test a structural equation model to elucidate the relationship among participation in social activities, satisfaction with the neighborhood environment, subjective health status, and happiness in older adults living alone in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Secondary data of 2768 older adults (605 males and 2163 females) living on their own were extracted from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey and used in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 20.0.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The hypothetical model exhibited a good fit: \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009342.06 (df\u2009=\u200958, <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.001), goodness-of-fit index\u2009=\u2009.98, adjected goodness-of-fit index\u2009=\u2009.97, root mean square error of approximation\u2009=\u2009.04, and nonstandard fit index\u2009=\u2009.92. Participation in social activities had a significant effect on participants\u2019 subjective health status (path coefficient\u2009=\u2009.45, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and happiness (path coefficient\u2009=\u2009.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Interventions to improve the health and happiness of older adults living alone should aim to enhance their social and physical environmental dimensions based on the participants\u2019 various social activities and their neighborhoods\u2019 characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02430-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T13:02:27Z","timestamp":1630760547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The structural equation modeling of personal aspects, environmental aspects, and happiness among older adults living alone: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9640-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Jeong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8464-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Ok","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2430_CR1","volume-title":"2017 Population and housing census","author":"Korea National Statistical Office","year":"2018","unstructured":"Korea National Statistical Office. 2017 Population and housing census. 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