{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T08:36:27Z","timestamp":1792312587770,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assistive Technology for people with dementia living at home is not meeting their care needs. Reasons for this may be due to limited understanding of variation in multiple characteristics of people with dementia including their safety and wandering risks, and how these affect their assistive technology requirements. This study therefore aimed to explore the possibility of grouping people with dementia according to data describing multiple person characteristics. Then to investigate the relationships between these groupings and installed Assistive Technology interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis was used to determine participant groupings based upon secondary data which described the person characteristics of 451 people with dementia with Assistive Technology needs. Relationships between installed Assistive Technology and participant groupings were then examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two robust clustering solutions were identified within the person characteristics data. Relationships between the clustering solutions and installed Assistive Technology data indicate the utility of this method for exploring the impact of multiple characteristics on Assistive technology installations. Living situation and caregiver support influence installation of assistive technology more strongly than level of risk or cognitive impairment. People with dementia living alone received different AT from those living with others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that caregiver support and the living situation of the person with dementia influence the type and frequency of installed Assistive Technology. Reasons for this include the needs of the caregiver themselves, the caregiver view of the participants\u2019 needs, caregiver response to alerts, and the caregiver contribution to the assistive technology assessment and selection process. Selection processes should be refined to account for the needs and views of both caregivers and people with dementia. This will require additional assessor training, and the development of validated assessments for people with dementia who have additional impairments. Policies should support the development of services which provide a wider range of AT to facilitate interventions which are focused on the needs of the person with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T07:02:43Z","timestamp":1635577363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Differences in assistive technology installed for people with dementia living at home who have wandering and safety risks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Curnow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Gorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2546_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2010.02.014","volume":"52","author":"A Douglas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Douglas A, Letts L, Richardson J. A systematic review of accidental injury from fire, wandering and medication self-administration errors for older adults with and without dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52:e1\u2013e10.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2546_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2016.1173729","volume":"12","author":"F Jarvis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jarvis F, Clemson LM, Mackenzie L. Technology for dementia: attitudes and practices of occupational therapists in providing assistive technology for way finding. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2017;12(4):373\u20137.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2546_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/02703181.2018.1458770","volume":"36","author":"ME Collins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collins ME. Occupational therapists\u2019 experience with assistive technology in provision of service to clients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. Phys Occup Ther Geriatr. 2018;36(2-3):179\u201388.","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Geriatr"},{"key":"2546_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390110068028","volume":"257","author":"DM Buchner","year":"1987","unstructured":"Buchner DM, Larson EB. Falls and fractures in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. JAMA. 1987;257:1492\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2546_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare3041121","volume":"3","author":"M Rowe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rowe M, Houston A, Molinari V, Bulat T, Bowen ME, Spring H, et al. The concept of missing incidents in persons with dementia. Healthcare. 2015;3:1121\u201332.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"1","key":"2546_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317508323138","volume":"25","author":"MA Rowe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rowe MA, Hyochol A, Benito AP, Stone H, Wilson A, Kairalla J. Injuries and unattended home exits in persons with dementia: a 12-month prospective study. Current topics in management. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Dement. 2010;25(1):27\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Dement"},{"key":"2546_CR7","volume-title":"Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"2546_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301217714093","volume":"18","author":"PA Kenigsberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kenigsberg PA, Aquino JP, Bremond F, Charras K, Dening T, Droes RM, et al. Assistive technologies to address capabilities of people with dementia: from research to practice. Dementia. 2017;18(4):1568\u201395.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"2546_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4843","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4843","volume":"354","author":"C Farmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farmer C, Fenu E, O'Flynn N, Guthrie B. Clinical assessment and management of multimorbidity: summary of NICE guidelines. BMJ. 2016;354:i4843.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2546_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3550-7","volume":"18","author":"A Hansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hansen A, Hauge S, Helleso R, Bergland A. Purchasers\u2019 deliberations on psychosocial needs within the process of allocating healthcare services for older home-dwelling persons with dementia: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:746\u201356.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2546_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14164","volume":"64","author":"H Amjad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amjad H, Roth DL, Samus QM, Yasar S, Wolff JL. Potentially unsafe activities and living conditions of older adults with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(6):1223\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2546_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011132","volume":"6","author":"L Newton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Newton L, Dickinson C, Gibson G, Brittain K, Robinson L. Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR13","first-page":"149","volume":"24","author":"J Woolham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woolham J, Gibson G, Clarke P. Assistive technology: telecare and dementia: some implications of current policies and guidance. Res Policy Plan. 2006;24(3):149\u201364.","journal-title":"Res Policy Plan"},{"key":"2546_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000144027","volume":"26","author":"M Luppa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luppa M, Luck T, Brahler E, Konig H, Riedel-Heller S. Prediction of institutionalisation in dementia: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26:65\u201378.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR15","first-page":"571","volume":"33","author":"KA Phillips","year":"1998","unstructured":"Phillips KA, Morrison KR, Andersen R, Aday LA. Understanding the context of healthcare utilization: Assessing environmental and provider-related variables in the behavioral model of utilization. Health Serv Res. 1998;33(3):571\u201396.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2546_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00240-4","volume":"55","author":"RW Toseland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Toseland RW, McCallion P, Gerber T, Banks S. Predictors of health and human services use by persons with dementia and their family caregivers. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(7):1255\u201366.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2546_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500167159","volume":"1","author":"T Wielandt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wielandt T, McKenna K, Tooth L, Strong J. Factors that predict the post-discharge use of recommended assistive technology (AT). Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2006;1(1-2):29\u201340.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2546_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2013.785035","volume":"9","author":"J Boger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boger J, Quraishi M, Turcotte N, Dunal L. The identification of assistive technologies being used to support the daily occupations of community-dwelling older adults with dementia: a cross-sectional pilot study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2014;9(1):17\u201330.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2546_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwt041","volume":"26","author":"SA O'Neill","year":"2014","unstructured":"O'Neill SA, McClean SI, Donnelly MD, Nugent CD, Galway L, Cleland I, et al. Development of a technology adoption and usage prediction tool for assistive technology for people with dementia. Interact Comput. 2014;26(2):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Interact Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"2546_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1108\/JAT-09-2012-0021","volume":"8","author":"R Fleming","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fleming R, Sum S. Empirical studies on the effectiveness of assistive technology in the care of people with dementia: a systematic review. J Assist Technol. 2014;8(1):14\u201334.","journal-title":"J Assist Technol"},{"key":"2546_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010208","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010208","volume":"6","author":"T Greenhalgh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greenhalgh T, Shaw S, Wherton J, Hughes G, Lynch J, A'Court C, et al. SCALS: a fourth-generation study of assisted living technologies in their Organisational, social, political and policy context. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010208.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2546_CR22","first-page":"943059","volume":"2011","author":"MM Raivio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raivio MM, Laakkonen ML, Pitkala KH. Alzheimer\u2019s patients\u2019 spouses critiques of the support services. ISRN Nurs. 2011;2011:943059.","journal-title":"ISRN Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/32.3.303","volume":"32","author":"I Rothera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rothera I, Jones R, Harwood R, Avery A, Waite J. Health status and assessed need for a cohort of older people admitted to nursing and residential homes. Age Ageing. 2003;32(3):303\u20139.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2546_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284","volume":"36","author":"RM Andersen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andersen RM. Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter? J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/37.3.365","volume":"37","author":"MMY de Klerk","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Klerk MMY, Huijsman R, McDonnell J. The use of technical aids by elderly persons in the Netherlands: an application of the Andersen and Newman model. The Gerontologist. 1997;37(3):365\u201373.","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"2546_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brims L, Oliver K. Effectiveness of assistive technology in improving the safety of people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2018;23(8):942\u201351.","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1455805"},{"issue":"0","key":"2546_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"E Curnow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Curnow E, Rush R, Maciver D, Gorska S, Forsyth K. Exploring the needs of people with dementia living at home reported by people with dementia and informal caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2019;0(0):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2546_CR28","unstructured":"Gitlin LN, Maslow K, Khillan R. National research summit on care, services and supports for Persons with Dementia and their Caregivers. Report to the National Advisory Council on Alzheimer\u2019s Research, Care and Services. 2018 27 April 2018, updated 16 May 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. \u201cMini Mental State\u201d a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189\u201398.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2546_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-349","volume":"14","author":"I Leroi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leroi I, Woolham J, Gathercole R, Howard R, Dunk B, Fox C, et al. Does Telecare prolong community living in dementia? A study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:349.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2546_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000192478.82189.a8","volume":"14","author":"R Perneczky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Perneczky R, Wagenpfeil S, Komossa K, Grimmer T, Diehl J, Kurz A. Regular research articles: mapping scores onto stages: mini-mental state examination and clinical dementia rating. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14:139\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2546_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Creavin ST, Wisniewski S, Noel-Storr AH, Trevelyan CM, Hampton T, Rayment D, Thom VM, Nash KJE, Elhamoui H, Milligan R, Patel AS, Tsivos DV, Wing T, Phillips E, Kellman SM, Shackleton HL, Singleton GF, Neale BE, Watton ME, Cullum S. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of dementia in clinically unevaluated people aged 65 and over in community and primary care populations.\u00a0Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(1):CD011145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011145.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011145.pub2"},{"issue":"11","key":"2546_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200011)15:11<1021::AID-GPS234>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"15","author":"S Borson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak A. The mini-cog: a cognitive \u2018vital signs\u2019 measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15(11):1021\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2546_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for cognitive impairment. JAGS. 2005;53(4):695\u20139.","journal-title":"JAGS"},{"key":"2546_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Dai J, Zhao S, Liu W, Li H. Comparison of the value of Mini-cog and MMSE screening in the rapid identification of Chinese outpatients with mild cognitive impairment. Medicine. 2018;97(22):e10966.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010966"},{"issue":"4","key":"2546_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610218001370","volume":"31","author":"TCC Pinto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinto TCC, Machado L, Bulgacov TM, Rodrigues-J\u00fanior AL, Costa MLG, Ximenes RCC, et al. Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) in the elderly? Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(4):491\u2013504.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2546_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fage BA, Chan CCH, Gill SS, Noel-Storr AH, Herrmann N, Smailagic N, Nikolaou V, Seitz DP. Mini-Cog for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias within a community setting.\u00a0Cochrane Database Syst Rev.\u00a02015;(2):CD010860, 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010860.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010860.pub2"},{"key":"2546_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.07.010","volume":"5","author":"K Forsyth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forsyth K, Henderson C, Davis L, Singh Roy A, Dunk B, Curnow E, et al. Assessment of need and practice for assistive technology and telecare for people with dementia - the ATTILA (Assistive Technology and Telecare to maintain Independent Living at Home for people with dementia) Trial. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;5:420\u201330.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2546_CR39","volume-title":"Cluster analysis","author":"BS Everitt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Everitt BS, Landau S, Leese M. Cluster analysis. London: Arnold; 2001."},{"key":"2546_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao X, Yang M. Understanding and enhancement of internal clustering validation indexes for categorical data. Algorithms. 2018;11(177):1\u201325.","DOI":"10.3390\/a11110177"},{"key":"2546_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.07.007","volume":"67","author":"H Hofstetter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hofstetter H, Dusseldorp E, van Empelen P, Paulussen TWGM. A primer on the use of cluster analysis or factor analysis to assess co-occurrence of risk behaviors. Prev Med. 2014;67:141\u20136.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2546_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1348\/135910705X25697","volume":"10","author":"J Clatworthy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clatworthy J, Buick D, Hankins M, Weinman J, Horne R. The user and reporting of cluster analysis in health psychology: a review. Br J Health Psychol. 2005;10:329\u201358.","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2546_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316801","volume-title":"Finding groups in data: an introduction in cluster analysis","author":"L Kaufman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ. Finding groups in data: an introduction in cluster analysis. New York: Wiley; 1990."},{"key":"2546_CR44","volume-title":"Clustering mixed data types in R","author":"DP Martin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin DP. Clustering mixed data types in R. 2016; Available at: www.r-bloggers.com\/clustering-mixed-data-types-in-r\/."},{"key":"2546_CR45","volume-title":"Clustering on mixed data type","author":"T Filaire","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filaire T. Clustering on mixed data type. 2018; Available at: https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/clustering-on-mixed-type-data-8bbd0a2569c3?gi=cad2f6350c29, 30 April 2019."},{"key":"2546_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4116","volume":"30","author":"JTE Richardson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richardson JTE. The analysis of 2 x 2 contingency tables - yet again. Stat Med. 2011;30:890.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","volume":"36","author":"W Viechtbauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw. 2010;36(3):1\u201348.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2546_CR48","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2017; Available at: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"2546_CR49","volume-title":"Package \u2018cluster\u2019: methods for cluster analysis","author":"M Maechler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maechler M, Rousseeuw P, Struyf A, Hubert M, Hornik K, Studer M, et al. Package \u2018cluster\u2019: methods for cluster analysis. 2019."},{"key":"2546_CR50","volume-title":"Cluster analysis","author":"Department of Statistics University of California Berkeley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Department of Statistics University of California Berkeley. Cluster analysis. 2011; Available at: http:\/\/www.stat.berkeley.edu\/~s133\/Cluster2a.html."},{"issue":"4","key":"2546_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4276\/030802210X12706313443901","volume":"73","author":"E Bantry White","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bantry White E, Montgomery P, McShane R. Electronic tracking for people with dementia who get lost outside the home: a study of the experience of familial carers. Br J Occup Ther. 2010;73(4):152\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2546_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2017.025817","volume":"71","author":"M Gagnon-Roy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gagnon-Roy M, Bourget A, Stocco S, Courchesne AL, Kuhne N, Provencher V. Assistive technology addressing safety issues in dementia: A scoping review. Am J Occup Ther. 2017;71(5):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2546_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20090101-10","volume":"2","author":"HJ Spring","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spring HJ, Rowe MA, Kelly A. Improving caregivers\u2019 well-being by using technology to manage nighttime activity in persons with dementia. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2009;2(1):39\u201348.","journal-title":"Res Gerontol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2546_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1108\/JAT-07-2014-0017","volume":"9","author":"E Wood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wood E, Ward G, Woolham J. The development of safer walking technology: a review. J Assist Technol. 2015;9(2):100\u201315.","journal-title":"J Assist Technol"},{"key":"2546_CR55","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe J. The use of assistive technology to reduce caregiver burden. Issue Brief. Research Summit on Dementia Care: Building Evidence for Service and Supports. 2017; Available at: https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/pdf-report\/use-assistive-technology-reduce-caregiver-burden. Accessed 21 Jun 2020."},{"key":"2546_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson G, Dickinson C, Brittain K, Robinson L. Personalisation, customisation and bricolage: how people with dementia and their families make assistive technology work for them. Ageing Soc. 2018;56(11):1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X18000661"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5042\/jat.2010.0483","volume":"4","author":"B Dunk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dunk B, Longman B, Newton L. GPS technologies in managing the risks associated with safer walking in people with dementia - a practical perspective. J Assist Technol. 2010;4(3):4\u20138.","journal-title":"J Assist Technol"},{"key":"2546_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.018","volume":"208","author":"M Dickins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dickins M, Goeman D, O'Keefe F, Iliffe S, Pond D. Understanding the conceptualisation of risk in the context of community dementia care. Soc Sci Med. 2018;208:72\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2546_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209991529","volume":"22","author":"SW Lehmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lehmann SW, Black BS, Shore A, Kasper J, Rabins PV. Living alone with dementia: lack of awareness adds to functional and cognitive vulnerabilities. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010;22(5):778\u201384.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2546_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.07.002","volume":"5","author":"K van Ooteghem","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Ooteghem K, Musselman KE, Mansfield A, Gold D, Marcil ME, Keren R, et al. Key factors for the assessment of mobility in advanced dementia: A consensus approach. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;5:409\u201319.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2546_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-43","volume":"13","author":"C Miranda-Castillo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miranda-Castillo C, Woods B, Orrell M. The needs of people with dementia living at home from user, caregiver and professional perspectives: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:43.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2546_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/028134301300034620","volume":"19","author":"I Raiha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Raiha I, Isoaho R, Ojanlatva A, Viramo P, Sulkava R, Kivela S. Poor performance in the mini-mental state examination due to causes other than dementia. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2001;19:34\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"2546_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0002-8614.2004.52404.x","volume":"52","author":"MC Tierney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tierney MC, Charles J, Naglie G, Jaglal S, Kiss A, Fisher RH. Risk factors for harm in cognitively impaired seniors who live alone: A prospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(9):1435\u201341.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"26","key":"2546_CR64","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"L Tudor Car","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tudor Car L, El-Khatib M, Perneczky R, Papachristou N, Atun R, Rudan I, et al. Prioritizing problems in and solutions to homecare safety of people with dementia: supporting carers, streamlining care. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(26):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2546_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417418777530","volume":"85","author":"NA Neubauer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neubauer NA, Lapierre N, Rios-Rincon A, Miguel-Cruz A, Rousseau J, Liu L. What do we know about technologies for dementia-related wandering? A scoping review. Can J Occup Ther. 2018;85(3):196\u2013208.","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2546_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2013.823573","volume":"9","author":"P Sugarhood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sugarhood P, Wherton J, Procter R, Hinder S, Greenhalgh T. Technology as system innovation: A key informant interview study of the application of the diffusion of innovation model to telecare. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2014;9(1):79\u201387.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"2546_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015257","volume":"7","author":"M Handley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Handley M, Bunn F, Goodman C. Dementia friendly interventions to improve the care of people living with dementia admitted to hospitals: a realist review. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e015257.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2546_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-017-9771-3","volume":"14","author":"W Lipworth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lipworth W, Mason PH, Kerridge I, Ioannidis JPA. Ethics and epistemology in big data research. Bioeth Inq. 2017;14:489\u2013500.","journal-title":"Bioeth Inq"},{"key":"2546_CR69","volume-title":"Quantitative psychological research: the complete student\u2019s companion","author":"D Clark-Carter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark-Carter D. Quantitative psychological research: the complete student\u2019s companion. 4th ed. Oxon: Routledge; 2019.","edition":"4"},{"key":"2546_CR70","unstructured":"Brock G, Pihur V, Datta S, Datta S. clValid, an R package for cluster validation. 2011, 2011:1-32."},{"issue":"4","key":"2546_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2724","volume":"27","author":"R Schmid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmid R, Eschen A, R\u00fcegger-Frey B, Martin M. Instruments for comprehensive needs assessment in individuals with cognitive complaints, mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;27(4):329\u201341.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02616-w","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000}}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T19:02:23Z","timestamp":1699729343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-95753\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02616-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02616-w","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This secondary data study received ethical approval from Queen Margaret University Ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"613"}}