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This study assessed the determinants of glycemic control in older adults with T2DM of a duration of \u226510\u2009years, including muscle mass, muscle quality, and \u03b2-cell function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a prospective study of older patients aged \u226560\u2009years with a T2DM duration of \u226510\u2009years. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, handgrip strength (HGS), and body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis were assessed. The primary outcome was a composite of: (i) increment of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from the baseline \u22650.6% and (ii) HbA1c\u2009\u2265\u20099% at any time point during the follow-up period. To find the predicting determinants of the outcome, we performed the Cox proportional hazard analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 100 patients (mean age, 64.0\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6\u2009years; median duration of diabetes, 20 [interquartile range (IQR), 17\u201323] years; median HbA1c at baseline, 7.1 [IQR, 6.7\u20137.4] %), the primary outcome was observed in 40 (40.0%) patients during 4.0 (IQR 2.3\u20135.0) years of follow-up. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, baseline HbA1c, obesity, duration of DM and anti-diabetic medication at baseline showed that low HGS and insulin resistance at the baseline were independent determinants of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20092.23 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06\u20134.72] and 2.39 [95% CI, 1.18\u20134.83], respectively). Sex stratification confirmed that HGS and muscle mass were independent determinants of the primary outcome only in women (HR per quartile, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.37\u20130.93] and 0.46 [95% CI, 0.25\u20130.85], respectively). `.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Low HGS and insulin resistance were independent risk factors for aggravated glycemic control among older patients with long standing T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02629-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T12:03:26Z","timestamp":1638878606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Muscle strength, an independent determinant of glycemic control in older adults with long-standing type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bo Kyung","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoil","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Kyong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg040","volume":"96","author":"A Bagust","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bagust A, Beale S. 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