{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:39:57Z","timestamp":1782401997555,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Operating an object by generating stable hand-grip force during static or dynamic posture control of the upper extremities simultaneously is an important daily activity. Older adults require different attentional resources during grip strength control and arm movements. However, the impact of aging and reaching movements on precise grip strength and stability control among older adults is not well understood. This study investigated the impact of aging and reaching movements on grip strength and stability control in both hands of the upper extremities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty healthy young adults (age: 28.8\u2009\u00b1\u200914.0\u2009years) and 54 healthy older adults (73.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3\u2009years) were recruited to perform isometric grip strength test at 20% maximal voluntary contraction as the target force during three manual precision tasks simultaneously: stationary task (without arm movements), forward-reach task, and backward-reach task. The average grip force (in kg) and coefficient of variation values (expressed as a percentage) during manual precision tasks were calculated to determine the quality of participants\u2019 grip strength. The deviation error, absolute error, and force-stability index values were calculated to determine the strength control relative to the target force.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For both the young and older groups, the force-stability index values in both hands were significantly higher during forward- and backward-reaching movements than in the stationary condition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The older group exhibited a significantly lower hand-grip strength and stability of strength control in both hands than the young group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aging and reaching task performance reduced the grip strength of participants and increased the variations in strength control of both hands relative to the target force, indicating that older adults exhibit poor grip strength and stability control when performing arm-reaching movements. These findings may help clinical therapists in establishing objective indexes for poor grip-stability control screening and developing appropriate rehabilitation programs or health-promotion exercises that can improve grip strength and stability control in older people.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02663-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T12:02:54Z","timestamp":1639569774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The impact of aging and reaching movements on grip stability control during manual precision tasks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bor-Shing","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Hsuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin-Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Hung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chueh-Ho","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.06.003","volume":"20","author":"CY Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang CY, Cherng RJ, Hwang IS. Reciprocal influences on performances of a postural-suprapostural task by manipulating the level of task-load. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(3):413\u20139.","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.36.2.189-199","volume":"36","author":"G Wulf","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wulf G, Mercer J, McNevin N, Guadagnoli MA. Reciprocal influences of attentional focus on postural and suprapostural task performance. J Mot Behav. 2004;36(2):189\u201399.","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR3","first-page":"223","volume":"41","author":"Y-T Hung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hung Y-T, Yu S-H, Fang J-H, Huang C-Y. Effects of precision-grip force on postural-Suprapostural task. Formosan J Phys Ther. 2016;41(3):223\u20139.","journal-title":"Formosan J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1159\/000295921","volume":"57","author":"G Diermayr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diermayr G, McIsaac TL, Gordon AM. Finger force coordination underlying object manipulation in the elderly - a mini-review. Gerontology. 2011;57(3):217\u201327.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2784-y","volume":"213","author":"GP Slota","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slota GP, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Grip forces during object manipulation: experiment, mathematical model, and validation. Exp Brain Res. 2011;213(1):125\u201339.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3235-0","volume":"223","author":"Y Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu Y, Terekhov AV, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Forces and moments generated by the human arm: variability and control. Exp Brain Res. 2012;223(2):159\u201375.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3527-z","volume":"227","author":"SS Ambike","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ambike SS, Paclet F, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Grip-force modulation in multi-finger prehension during wrist flexion and extension. Exp Brain Res. 2013;227(4):509\u201322.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229662","volume":"95","author":"JR Flanagan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Flanagan JR, Wing AM. Modulation of grip force with load force during point-to-point arm movements. Exp Brain Res. 1993;95(1):131\u201343.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9915-0","volume":"38","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Holobar A, Kouzaki M, Ogawa M, Akima H, Moritani T. Age-related changes in motor unit firing pattern of vastus lateralis muscle during low-moderate contraction. Age (Dordr). 2016;38(3):48.","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"2663_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.01.024","volume":"119","author":"CH Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin CH, Sung WH, Chiang SL, Lee SC, Lu LH, Wang PC, et al. Influence of aging and visual feedback on the stability of hand grip control in elderly adults. Exp Gerontol. 2019;119:74\u201381.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9891-4","volume":"38","author":"T Abe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abe T, Thiebaud RS, Loenneke JP. Age-related change in handgrip strength in men and women: is muscle quality a contributing factor? Age (Dordr). 2016;38(1):28.","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"2663_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.02.005","volume":"53","author":"CH Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin CH, Chou LW, Wei SH, Lieu FK, Chiang SL, Sung WH. Influence of aging on bimanual coordination control. Exp Gerontol. 2014;53:40\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR13","first-page":"139","volume":"12","author":"L Sperling","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sperling L. Evaluation of upper extremity function in 70-year-old men and women. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1980;12(4):139\u201344.","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2663_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.558","volume":"281","author":"T Rantanen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rantanen T, Guralnik JM, Foley D, Masaki K, Leveille S, Curb JD, et al. Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. Jama. 1999;281(6):558\u201360.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu165","volume":"44","author":"JJ Koopman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koopman JJ, van Bodegom D, van Heemst D, Westendorp RG. Handgrip strength, ageing and mortality in rural Africa. Age Ageing. 2015;44(3):465\u201370.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","volume":"39","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412\u201323.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv192","volume":"45","author":"RM Dodds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Kuh D, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Global variation in grip strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of normative data. Age Ageing. 2016;45(2):209\u201316.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2663_CR18","volume-title":"Clinical assessment recommendations","author":"American Society of Hand T","year":"1992","unstructured":"American Society of Hand T. Clinical assessment recommendations. Chicago: The Society; 1992."},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.50.2.133","volume":"50","author":"LG Richards","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richards LG, Olson B, Palmiter-Thomas P. How forearm position affects grip strength. Am J Occup Ther. 1996;50(2):133\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00643.2002","volume":"94","author":"M Shinohara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shinohara M, Li S, Kang N, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Effects of age and gender on finger coordination in MVC and submaximal force-matching tasks. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94(1):259\u201370.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01053.2007","volume":"104","author":"JL Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. A comparison of central aspects of fatigue in submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008;104(2):542\u201350.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0422-x","volume":"174","author":"JJ Sosnoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sosnoff JJ, Newell KM. Are age-related increases in force variability due to decrements in strength? Exp Brain Res. 2006;174(1):86\u201394.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2663_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.017","volume":"245","author":"JH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim JH. Effect of grip strength on mental health. J Affect Disord. 2019;245:371\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. \"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189\u201398.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR25","first-page":"13","volume":"31","author":"MN Clarke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clarke MN, Ni Mhuircheartaigh DA, Walsh GM, Walsh JM, Meldrum D. Intra-tester and inter-tester reliability of the MicroFET 3 hand-held dynamometer. Physiother Pract Res. 2011;31(1):13\u20138.","journal-title":"Physiother Pract Res"},{"key":"2663_CR26","first-page":"6936879","volume":"2020","author":"S-C Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee S-C, Wu L-C, Chiang S-L, Lu L-H, Chen C-Y, Lin C-H, et al. Validating the capability for measuring age-related changes in grip-force strength using a digital hand-held dynamometer in healthy young and elderly adults. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:6936879.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2663_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1139\/y94-075","volume":"72","author":"RS Johansson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johansson RS, Cole KJ. Grasp stability during manipulative actions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1994;72(5):511\u201324.","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100000858","volume":"27","author":"KM Chan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chan KM, Raja AJ, Strohschein FJ, Lechelt K. Age-related changes in muscle fatigue resistance in humans. Can J Neurol Sci. 2000;27(3):220\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1155-4","volume":"23","author":"L De Dobbeleer","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Dobbeleer L, Beyer I, Hansen \u00c5, Molbo D, Mortensen E, Lund R, et al. Grip work measurement with the Jamar dynamometer: validation of a simple equation for clinical use. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(2):221\u20134.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10040","volume":"16","author":"SC Cramer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cramer SC, Weisskoff RM, Schaechter JD, Nelles G, Foley M, Finklestein SP, et al. Motor cortex activation is related to force of squeezing. Hum Brain Mapp. 2002;16(4):197\u2013205.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00239.2007","volume":"98","author":"MB Spraker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spraker MB, Yu H, Corcos DM, Vaillancourt DE. Role of individual basal ganglia nuclei in force amplitude generation. J Neurophysiol. 2007;98(2):821\u201334.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2663_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005","volume":"34","author":"RD Seidler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seidler RD, Bernard JA, Burutolu TB, Fling BW, Gordon MT, Gwin JT, et al. Motor control and aging: links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34(5):721\u201333.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"2663_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.6.1983","volume":"119","author":"B Anderson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Anderson B, Rutledge V. Age and hemisphere effects on dendritic structure. Brain. 1996;119(Pt 6):1983\u201390.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"2663_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.017","volume":"29","author":"NS Ward","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ward NS, Swayne OB, Newton JM. Age-dependent changes in the neural correlates of force modulation: an fMRI study. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29(9):1434\u201346.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"2663_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1179\/016164110X12670144737693","volume":"32","author":"JH Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim JH, Lee YS, Lee JJ, Song HJ, Yoo DS, Lee HJ, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals age-related alterations to motor networks in weighted elbow flexion-extension movement. Neurol Res. 2010;32(9):995\u20131001.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1991.9942036","volume":"23","author":"KJ Cole","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cole KJ. Grasp force control in older adults. J Mot Behav. 1991;23(4):251\u20138.","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2663_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060083","volume":"87","author":"SW Shaffer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shaffer SW, Harrison AL. Aging of the somatosensory system: a translational perspective. Phys Ther. 2007;87(2):193\u2013207.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1671-7","volume":"194","author":"TL McIsaac","year":"2009","unstructured":"McIsaac TL, Santello M, Johnston JA, Zhang W, Gordon AM. Task-specific modulation of multi-digit forces to object texture. Exp Brain Res. 2009;194(1):79\u201390.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2663_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.46.9.785","volume":"46","author":"LM Shiffman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shiffman LM. Effects of aging on adult hand function. Am J Occup Ther. 1992;46(9):785\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00045.2004","volume":"97","author":"JK Shim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shim JK, Lay BS, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Age-related changes in finger coordination in static prehension tasks. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;97(1):213\u201324.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-017-0218-1","volume":"14","author":"B Auvinet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Auvinet B, Touzard C, Montestruc F, Delafond A, Goeb V. Gait disorders in the elderly and dual task gait analysis: a new approach for identifying motor phenotypes. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017;14(1):7.","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5189-3","volume":"236","author":"MG Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva MG, Struber L, Brand\u00e3o JGT, Daniel O, Nougier V. Influence of dual-task constraints on the interaction between posture and movement during a lower limb pointing task. Exp Brain Res. 2018;236(4):963\u201372.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2663_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11045","volume":"54","author":"S Pardhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pardhan S, Zuidhoek S. Dual cognitive task affects reaching and grasping behavior in subjects with macular disorders. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(5):3281\u20138.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2663_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng KC, Pratt J, Maki BE. Do aging and dual-tasking impair the capacity to store and retrieve visuospatial information needed to guide perturbation-evoked reach-to-grasp reactions? PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79401.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079401"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2663_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/138255890969339","volume":"13","author":"C Voelcker-Rehage","year":"2006","unstructured":"Voelcker-Rehage C, Stronge AJ, Alberts JL. Age-related differences in working memory and force control under dual-task conditions. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2006;13(3\u20134):366\u201384.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"issue":"1","key":"2663_CR46","first-page":"9739","volume":"37","author":"YJ Tsai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsai YJ, Lin SI. Reaching forward: effects of a preceding task and aging. Age (Dordr). 2015;37(1):9739.","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2974\/kmj.64.309","volume":"64","author":"B Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee B, Miyanjo R, Tozato F, Shiihara Y. Dual-task interference in a grip and lift task. Kitakanto Med J. 2014;64(4):309\u201312.","journal-title":"Kitakanto Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2663_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.00237","volume":"42","author":"R Cabeza","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cabeza R. Cognitive neuroscience of aging: contributions of functional neuroimaging. Scand J Psychol. 2001;42(3):277\u201386.","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1309","volume":"17","author":"S Hutchinson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hutchinson S, Kobayashi M, Horkan CM, Pascual-Leone A, Alexander MP, Schlaug G. Age-related differences in movement representation. Neuroimage. 2002;17(4):1720\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2663_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.630","volume":"58","author":"VS Mattay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mattay VS, Fera F, Tessitore A, Hariri AR, Das S, Callicott JH, et al. Neurophysiological correlates of age-related changes in human motor function. Neurology. 2002;58(4):630\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2663_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2011.01.004","volume":"46","author":"JW Noble","year":"2011","unstructured":"Noble JW, Eng JJ, Kokotilo KJ, Boyd LA. Aging effects on the control of grip force magnitude: an fMRI study. Exp Gerontol. 2011;46(6):453\u201361.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02663-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02663-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02663-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T12:13:17Z","timestamp":1639570397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02663-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02663-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (approval no. N201704083), and informed consent forms were signed by each participant.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest, including employment, stock ownership, patent applications\/registrations, honoraria, paid expert testimony, consultancies, and grants that could be construed as influencing the information presented in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"703"}}