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NAFLD is associated with metabolic risk factors underpinned by insulin resistance, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, leading to extrahepatic changes in central nervous diseases such as cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia. The aim of the review is to explore the association between NAFLD and cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic electronic literature search was conducted in four databases: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase and CINAHL from inception until March 2021. Neuropsychological tests utilised within each study were grouped into relevant cognitive domains including \u2018general cognition\u2019, \u2018reasoning\u2019, \u2018mental speed, attention and psychomotor speed\u2019, \u2018memory and learning\u2019, \u2018language\u2019, \u2018visuospatial perception\u2019 and \u2018ideas, abstraction, figural creations and mental flexibility\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eleven observational studies that involved 7978 participants with a mean age of 51\u2009years were included. Those with NAFLD had poor cognitive performance in three cognitive domains, including \u2018general cognition\u2019, \u2018mental speed, attention and psychomotor speed\u2019, and \u2018ideas, abstraction, figural creations and mental flexibility\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The observed results from the 11 included studies showed that NAFLD was associated with lower cognitive performance across several domains. However, studies conducted to date are limited to observational designs and are heterogeneous with varying diagnostic tools used to assess cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PROSPERO Registration: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=161640\">CRD42020161640<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02721-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T18:12:46Z","timestamp":1641924766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Is there an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive function? 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