{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:04:26Z","timestamp":1793023466993,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020JJ4764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders","award":["2020LNJJ14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020LNJJ14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Several studies have assessed the reporting quality of all-cause mortality data from the WHO Mortality Database, but little is known about coding quality and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality data worldwide. We aimed to assess the coding quality of deaths and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using data from the WHO Mortality Database, 1990\u20132019, we calculated the number of countries\/territories that had mortality data in the database, and the proportion of deaths with five types of problematic codes based on the 10th International Classification of Disease (unspecified deaths, injury deaths with undetermined intent, unspecified unintentional injury, unintentional falls with unspecified mechanism, unintentional falls with unknown occurrence place). We estimated age-adjusted unintentional fall mortality before and after correcting problematic codes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Only 64% (124\/194) of WHO member states had at least 1 year of mortality data in the database during 1990\u20132019, and data unavailability was more common for underdeveloped countries\/territories than for developed countries\/territories. Coding quality was poor for many countries\/territories. Among the study years when countries\/territories possessed mortality data, 80, 53, 51, and 63% had a proportion of unintentional fall deaths with unspecified mechanism over 50% in low-income, lower middle-income, upper middle-income, and high-income countries\/territories, respectively; comparable proportions for unintentional fall deaths with unknown occurrence place were 100, 42, 71, and 62%. Among the 94 countries\/territories having mortality data, problematic codes caused a relative mortality difference\u2009\u2265\u200950% in 59 countries\/territories (63%). After correcting problematic codes, 5 of 55 countries\/territories with data witnessed a reverse in mortality changes between 2005 and 2015. Among the 82 countries\/territories with mortality data for 5 or more years, 18 countries\/territories (22%) experienced a directional reverse in linear regression coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The availability and coding quality of global data related to elderly unintentional fall mortality was poor between 1990 and 2019. When data are available, varying coding quality across countries\/territories and over time have a substantial impact on mortality estimates and mortality comparisons. Global agencies plus each individual government should be aware of the importance of collecting and sharing high-quality mortality data, and take action to improve data quality for inclusion in the WHO Mortality Database.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02744-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T11:03:27Z","timestamp":1643022207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Coding quality of deaths and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality data from 1990 to 2019: a retrospective analysis of the WHO Mortality Database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peishan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangxin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruotong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Schwebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2744_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001810","volume":"4","author":"C Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rao C. Elements of a strategic approach for strengthening national mortality statistics programmes. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(5):e001810.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2744_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Monitoring health for the SDGs. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/world-health-statistics. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Mortality Database. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/data-collection-tools\/who-mortality-database. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR4","unstructured":"United Nations Population Fund. Trends in maternal mortality: 2000 to 2017. Available from:  https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/featured-publication\/trends-maternal-mortality-2000-2017. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"issue":"10100","key":"2744_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","volume":"390","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naghavi M, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1151\u2013210.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2744_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d4411","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4411","volume":"343","author":"P Autier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Autier P, Boniol M, Gavin A, Vatten LJ. Breast cancer mortality in neighbouring European countries with different levels of screening but similar access to treatment: trend analysis of WHO mortality database. BMJ. 2011;343:d4411.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2744_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebmeier S, Thayabaran D, Braithwaite I, B\u00e9namara C, Weatherall M Beastly R. Trends in international asthma mortality: analysis of data from the WHO mortality database from 46 countries (1993\u20132012). Lancet 2017;390(10098):935-45.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31448-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"2744_CR8","first-page":"171","volume":"83","author":"CD Mathers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mathers CD, Fat DM, Inoue M, Rao C, Lopez AD. Counting the dead and what they died from: an assessment of the global status of cause of death data. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(3):171\u20137.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"10001","key":"2744_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60171-4","volume":"386","author":"L Mikkelsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mikkelsen L, Phillips DE, AbouZahr C, Setel PW, de Savigny D, Lozano R, et al. A global assessment of civil registration and vital statistics systems: monitoring data quality and progress. Lancet. 2015;386(10001):1395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2744_CR10","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO methods and data sources for country-level causes of death 2000\u20132019. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/gho-documents\/global-health-estimates\/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Falls. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/falls. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing and health. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S181138","volume":"10","author":"C Galet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galet C, Zhou Y, Eyck PT, Romanowski KS. Fall injuries, associated deaths, and 30-day readmission for subsequent falls are increasing in the elderly US population: a query of the WHO mortality database and National Readmission Database from 2010 to 2014. Clin Epidemiol. 2018;10:1627\u201337.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2744_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.07.008","volume":"142","author":"H Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu H, Mach J, Le Couteur DG, Hilmer SN. Fall-related mortality trends in Australia and the United Kingdom: implications for research and practice. Maturitas. 2020;142:68\u201372.","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"issue":"3","key":"2744_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700307","volume":"127","author":"G Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu G, Baker SP. An explanation for the recent increase in the fall death rate among older Americans: a subgroup analysis. Public Health Rep. 2012;127(3):275\u201381.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2744_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2012.6","volume":"33","author":"J Maresh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maresh J, Guse C, Layde P. National trends and coding patterns in fall-related mortality among the elderly in the United States. J Public Health Policy. 2012;33(2):202\u201314.","journal-title":"J Public Health Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"2744_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13591","volume":"63","author":"RJ Kharrazi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kharrazi RJ, Nash D, Mielenz TJ. Increasing trend of fatal falls in older adults in the United States, 1992 to 2005: coding practice or reporting quality? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(9):1913\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2744_CR18","unstructured":"United Nations. World Population Prospects. Available from: https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR19","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. Available from: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR20","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix for ICD-10. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/ice\/icd10_transcode.pdf. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1010","volume":"14","author":"G Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu G, Mamady K. Impact of changes in specificity of data recording on cause-specific injury mortality in the United States, 1999-2010. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1010.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2744_CR22","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Available from: https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Age Standardization of Rates: A new WHO Standard. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/paper31.pdf. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"issue":"10062","key":"2744_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30388-9","volume":"388","author":"GA Stevens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, Boerma JT, Collins GS, Ezzati M, et al. Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement. Lancet. 2016;388(10062):e19\u201323.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2744_CR25","unstructured":"World Bank. Open Data for Sustainable Development. Available from: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/digitaldevelopment\/brief\/open-data-for-sustainable-development. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR26","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available from: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/gov\/digital-government\/6th-oecd-expert-group-meeting-on-open-government-data-summary.pdf. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"issue":"11","key":"2744_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.068809","volume":"88","author":"K Bhalla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhalla K, Harrison JE, Shahraz S, Fingerhut LA. Global burden of disease injury expert G. availability and quality of cause-of-death data for estimating the global burden of injuries. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88(11):831\u20138C.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2744_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao C, Gupta M. The civil registration system is a potentially viable data source for reliable subnational mortality measurement in India. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(8).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-002586"},{"issue":"10123","key":"2744_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30505-1","volume":"391","author":"J Zarocostas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zarocostas J. Libya: war and migration strain a broken health system. Lancet. 2018;391(10123):824\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2744_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2018.132","volume":"8","author":"Y Douedari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Douedari Y, Howard N. Perspectives on rebuilding health system governance in opposition-controlled Syria: a qualitative study. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019;8(4):233\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"2744_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Mortality Database. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/who-mortality-database. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevenson MR, Ngoan le T, Hung DV, Huong Tu NT, Mai AL, Ivers RQ, et al. Evaluation of the Vietnamese A6 mortality reporting system: injury as a cause of death. Inj Prev 2012;18(6):360\u2013364.","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040261"},{"key":"2744_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuiderwijk A, Janssen M. The negative effects of open government data - investigating the dark side of open data. Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research - dgo '14 2014. p. 147\u201352.","DOI":"10.1145\/2612733.2612761"},{"issue":"12","key":"2744_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-011099","volume":"29","author":"L Zwaan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zwaan L, Singh H. Diagnostic error in hospitals: finding forests not just the big trees. BMJ Qual Saf. 2020;29(12):961\u20134.","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"2744_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n1175","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1175","volume":"373","author":"S Clark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark S. Help me trust you after my misdiagnosis. BMJ. 2021;373:n1175.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2744_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.2.336","volume":"29","author":"TH Lu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lu TH, Lee MC, Chou MC. Accuracy of cause-of-death coding in Taiwan: types of miscoding and effects on mortality statistics. Int J Epidemiol. 2000;29(2):336\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2744_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_601","volume":"1324","author":"J Lorkowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lorkowski J, Jugowicz A. Shortage of physicians: a critical review. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1324:57\u201362.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2744_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4283-y","volume":"19","author":"T Morken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morken T, Rebnord IK, Maartmann-Moe K, Hunskaar S. Workload in Norwegian general practice 2018 - an observational study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):434.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2744_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-8","volume":"9","author":"RM Ahern","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahern RM, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Gakidou E, Murray CJ. Improving the public health utility of global cardiovascular mortality data: the rise of ischemic heart disease. Popul Health Metr. 2011;9:8.","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2744_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01525-w","volume":"18","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naghavi M, Richards N, Chowdhury H, Eynstone-Hinkins J, Franca E, Hegnauer M, et al. Improving the quality of cause of death data for public health policy: are all 'garbage' codes equally problematic? BMC Med. 2020;18(1):55.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2744_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Strategic Implementation Plan 2021\u20132025. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/342847\/9789240022492-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR42","unstructured":"World Health Organization. SCORE data collection tool. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/data-collection-tools\/score. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR43","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tools and Standards for SCORE Essential Interventions. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/tools-and-standards-for-score-essential-interventions. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"key":"2744_CR44","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World health statistics 2021: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/342703\/9789240027053-eng.pdf. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."},{"issue":"4","key":"2744_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3414\/ME14-01-0101","volume":"54","author":"N Startsev","year":"2015","unstructured":"Startsev N, Dimov P, Grosche B, Tretyakov F, Schuz J, Akleyev A. Methods for ensuring high quality of coding of cause of death. The mortality register to follow southern Urals populations exposed to radiation. Methods Inf Med. 2015;54(4):359\u201363.","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2744_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-0841-9","volume":"19","author":"S Jeblee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeblee S, Gomes M, Jha P, Rudzicz F, Hirst G. Automatically determining cause of death from verbal autopsy narratives. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2019;19(1):127.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"2744_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.08.033","volume":"108","author":"H Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang H, Yin Q, Schwebel DC, Ning P, Hu G. Availability and consistency of health and non-health data for road traffic fatality: analysis of data from 195 countries, 1985-2013. Accid Anal Prev. 2017;108:220\u20136.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2744_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","volume":"14","author":"SP Baker","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W Jr, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma. 1974;14(3):187\u201396.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2744_CR49","unstructured":"University of Otago, Injury Prevention Research Unit. New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy indicators of injury death: are we counting all the cases? Available from: http:\/\/psm-dm.otago.ac.nz\/ipru\/ReportsPDFs\/OR085.pdf. Accessed 9 Sept 2021."}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02744-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02744-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02744-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T11:05:17Z","timestamp":1643022317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02744-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02744-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Central South University on 25 January 2021 (No. XYGW-2021-06). This study used national registration data for secondary analysis, does not involve clinical\/personal data, and was exempted from requirements for informed consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"72"}}