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A total of 5693 adults (age 45\u2009+) whose cognitive score is higher than average at the baseline were included from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS:2011\u20132015). Cognitive function was measured by Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in Chinese version. The Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was adopted to identify the potential heterogeneity of longitudinal changes over the past 5\u00a0years and to investigate the relationship between baseline BMI and trajectories of cognitive function. Three trajectories were identified in results: the slow decline (37.92%), the rapid decline (6.71%) and the stable function (55.37%). After controlling for other variables, underweight (BMI\u2009&lt;\u200918.5\u00a0kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was associated with the rapid and slow decline trajectories. Obesity (BMI\u2009&gt;\u200928\u00a0kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was associated with the slow decline trajectory. High-risk people of cognitive decline can be screened by measuring BMI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03301-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T16:05:01Z","timestamp":1658592301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Body mass index and trajectories of the cognition among Chinese middle and old-aged adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3301_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","volume":"18","author":"V L Feigin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feigin V L, Nichols E, Alam T, Bannick M S, Beghi E, Blake N. 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PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0249651.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03301-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03301-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03301-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T16:05:44Z","timestamp":1658592344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03301-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03301-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All respondents gave informed written consent before they were interviewed, and ethical approval for collecting data on human subjects was obtained and renewed annually at the Peking University Institutional Review Board (IRB00001052\u201311015). There is no need for additional ethics approval for the approved data users. All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"613"}}