{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T18:02:30Z","timestamp":1772560950594,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amyloidoma is a rare clinical entity characterized by the focal aggregation of amyloid protein within the body, void of systemic involvement. To our knowledge, there have only been 26 reports of cervical amyloidoma to date. Amyloid light chain and beta-2-microglobulin are the most common types, with only three previous reports of transthyretin (ATTR) Amyloidoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a case of a 71-year-old male who presented with worsening strength and coordination of his upper extremities, right upper-leg pain, unsteady gait, and a reduced range of motion of his neck in all planes. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solitary mass compressing the spinal cord at C1-C2. Treatment consisted of cervical decompression and stabilization. Pathological examination confirmed solitary amyloid deposition of ATTR. Postoperative neurological assessment revealed improved balance, gait, hand function, and grip strength. Investigational imaging was ordered 8 months postoperatively revealing no evidence of systemic involvement, confirming the diagnosis of cervical ATTR amyloidoma. A discussion is provided surrounding the published literature of ATTR amyloidoma with description of the typical presentation, management, and outcomes of this rare pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous cases and studies indicate clinical signs such as ligamentum of flavum hypertrophy and carpal tunnel syndrome may precede focal ATTR spinal disposition. Outcomes for amyloidoma are generally favourable, as tumour resection prevents irreversible deficits. Patients have a low rate of recurrence with an overall excellent prognosis following resection and stabilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03422-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T19:03:32Z","timestamp":1663268612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cervical amyloidoma of transthyretin type: a case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8169-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew H.","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.09.039","volume":"395","author":"TR Jahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jahn TR, Makin OS, Morris KL, Marshall KE, Tian P, Sikorski P, et al. The common architecture of cross-\u03b2 amyloid. J Mol Biol. 2010;395(4):717\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.09.039.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"3422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.159","volume":"140","author":"JP Pinheiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinheiro JP, Carneiro D, Tavares S, Rebelo O, Lopes A, Barbosa M. Management and outcome of solitary spinal Amyloidoma\u2014a systematic literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:325\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.159.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2020.1835263","volume":"27","author":"MD Benson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benson MD, Buxbaum JN, Eisenberg DS, Merlini G, Saraiva MJM, Sekijima Y, et al. Amyloid nomenclature 2020: update and recommendations by the International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) nomenclature committee. Amyloid. 2020;27(4):217\u201322.","journal-title":"Amyloid."},{"key":"3422_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198802000-00027","volume":"22","author":"CA Dickman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dickman CA, Sonntag VKH, Johnson P, Medina M. Amyloidoma of the cervical spine: a case report. Neurosurgery. 1988;22:419\u201322.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"3422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(96)00488-0","volume":"48","author":"KJ Mullins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mullins KJ, Meyers SP, Kazee AM, Powers JM, Maurer PK. Primary solitary amyloidosis of the spine: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 1997;48(4):405\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101969","volume":"45","author":"JR Vignes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vignes JR, Eimer S, Dupuy R, Donois E, Liguoro D. \u03b22-microglobulin amyloidosis caused spinal cord compression in a long-term haemodialysis patient. Spinal Cord. 2007;45(4):322\u20136.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3422_CR7","first-page":"159","volume":"19","author":"H Oruckaptan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oruckaptan H, Karli O\u01e7uz K, I\u015fikay I, Ruacan \u015e. Amyloidoma of the temporal bone and upper cervical spine; presentation of a rare clinical entity with a brief literature review. Turk Neurosurg. 2009;19(2):159\u201315962.","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"issue":"17","key":"3422_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.6452","volume":"29","author":"K Farrell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farrell K, Stobo DB, Soutar R. Cervical amyloidoma successfully treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(17):512\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3422_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-100001293","volume":"23","author":"CW Hsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsu CW, Wu MS, Leu ML. Dialysis-related cervical amyloidoma presenting with quadriplegia. Ren Fail. 2011;23(1):135\u20138.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"3422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.582197","volume":"18","author":"T Sueyoshi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sueyoshi T, Ueda M, Sei A, Misumi Y, Oshima T, Yamashita T, et al. Spinal multifocal amyloidosis derived from wild-type transthyretin. Amyloid. 2011;18(3):165\u20138.","journal-title":"Amyloid."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"3422_CR11","first-page":"3","volume":"21","author":"Y Takeshima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takeshima Y, Kotsugi M, Park YS, Nakase H. Hemodialysis-related upper cervical extradural amyloidoma presenting with intractable radiculopathy. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(Suppl 4):3\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3422_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0086-7","volume":"17","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Shirasawa K, Maeda T, Ueta T, Shiba K, Iwamoto Y. Solitary epidural amyloidoma of C2-4 without osteolysis of the spine in a multiple myeloma patient. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17(3):319\u201322.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"3422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.04.003","volume":"13","author":"BC Werner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Werner BC, Shen FH, Shimer AL. Primary cervical amyloidoma: a case report and review of the literature. Spine J. 2013;13(10):e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.04.003.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-000699","volume":"55","author":"N Nitta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nitta N, Sakajiri K, Kawashima A. Cervical epidural \u03b22-microglobulin amyloidoma presenting with acute paraplegia 5 months after the introduction of hemodialysis. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2015;55(9):646\u201350.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"6","key":"3422_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.12.011","volume":"22","author":"AD Smitherman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smitherman AD, Fung KM, Glenn CA, Martin MD. Intradural, extramedullary amyloidoma involving cervical and thoracic spine. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(6):1052\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.12.011.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199801010-00027","volume":"23","author":"F Porchet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Porchet F, Sonntag VK, Vrodos N. Cervical amyloidoma of C2. Case report and review of the literature. Spine. 1998;23:133\u20138.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"3422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.06.057","volume":"129","author":"K Shikino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shikino K, Suzuki S, Yokokawa D, Ohira Y, Ikusaka M. Dialysis-related Spondyloarthropathy with cervical Amyloidoma. Am J Med. 2016;129(12):e339\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.06.057.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3422_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2016.11.110","volume":"63","author":"M Dalolio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dalolio M, Lucarella F, Rampini P, Bulfamante GP, Aldea S, Graveleau P, et al. Neurosurgical aspects of dialysis-related spinal amyloidosis: report of three cases and a review of the literature. Neurochirurgie. 2017;63(4):314\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuchi.2016.11.110.","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"issue":"2","key":"3422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2017.1331907","volume":"24","author":"K Rezania","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rezania K, Pytel P, Highsmith WE, Gabikian P. Cervicomedullary compression as the main manifestation of wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2017;24(2):133\u20134.","journal-title":"Amyloid."},{"key":"3422_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_483_17","volume":"9","author":"JR Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider JR, Kwan K, Kulason KO, Faltings LJ, Colantonio S, Safir S, et al. Case Report Primary solitary retro - clival amyloidoma. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9:100.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"3422_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12556","volume":"39","author":"J Rotter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rotter J, Dowlati E, Jha RT, Deng T, Mason RB. Primary cervical spine AL-\u03ba amyloidoma: a case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology. 2019;39(3):231\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropathology."},{"issue":"1","key":"3422_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-021-00409-2","volume":"7","author":"PD Giorgi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giorgi PD, Pallotta ML, Legrenzi S, Schir\u00f2 GR. Spinal cord compression in dialysis-related upper cervical amyloidoma \u2013 a case report. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2021;7(1):2\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41394-021-00409-2.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases"},{"issue":"1","key":"3422_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(98)00093-X","volume":"23","author":"G Moonis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moonis G, Savolaine E, Anvar S, Khan A. MRI findings of isolated beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis presenting as a cervical spine mass case report and review of literature. Clin Imaging. 1999;23(1):11\u20134 Available from: https:\/\/www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.library.dal.ca\/science\/article\/pii\/S089970719800093X.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"3422_CR24","first-page":"601","volume":"21","author":"SS Hwang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hwang SS, Park YH, Kim JY, Jung SL, Ahn MI, Park CK, et al. Primary amyloidoma of the cervical spine. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(3):601\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3422_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0589-9","volume":"13","author":"D Mulleman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mulleman D, Flipo RM, Assaker R, Maurage CA, Chastanet P, Ducoulombier V, et al. Primary amyloidoma of the axis and acute spinal cord compression: a case report. Eur Spine J. 2004;13(3):244\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3422_CR26","first-page":"241","volume":"52","author":"SN Shenoy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shenoy SN, Raja A. Amyloidoma of the craniovertebral junction. Neurol India. 2004;52(2):241\u20132.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"6","key":"3422_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.01.027","volume":"62","author":"CJ Belber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Belber CJ, Graham DL. Multiple myeloma-associated solitary epidural amyloidoma of C2-C3 without bony connection or myelopathy: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 2004;62(6):506\u20139.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3422_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.05.009","volume":"13","author":"G Samandouras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Samandouras G, Teddy PJ, Cadoux-Hudson T, Ansorge O. Amyloid in neurosurgical and neurological practice. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(2):159\u201367.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3422_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251016.54203.71","volume":"32","author":"AC Iplikcioglu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iplikcioglu AC, Bek S, Gokduman CA, Cosar M, Sav A. Primary solitary cervical amyloidosis: case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(1):45\u20137.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3422_CR30","first-page":"121","volume":"62","author":"BPC Hazenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hazenberg BPC, van Gameren II, Bijzet J, Jager PL, van Rijswijk MH. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of systemic amyloidosis. Neth J Med. 2004;62(4):121\u20138.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"3422_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.05.027","volume":"137","author":"N Brawanski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brawanski N, Platz J, Seifert V, Marquardt G, Weise LM. Differentiated plasma cell myeloma presenting as a solitary spinal amyloidoma: a case report, possible pitfall and review to the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;137:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.05.027.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3422_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-020-00210-7","volume":"9","author":"H Koike","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koike H, Katsuno M. Transthyretin amyloidosis: update on the clinical Spectrum, pathogenesis, and disease-modifying therapies. Neurol Ther. 2020;9(2):317\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-020-00210-7.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"3422_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ungericht M, Wanschitz J, Kroiss AS, R\u00f6cken C, Schuetz T, Messner M, et al. Amyloid myopathy: expanding the clinical spectrum of transthyretin amyloidosis\u2014case report and literature review. J Nucl Cardiol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12350-022-02990-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-022-02990-x"},{"key":"3422_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106708","volume":"206","author":"KM George","year":"2021","unstructured":"George KM, Hernandez NS, Breton J, Cooper B, Dowd RS, Nail J, et al. Lumbar ligamentum flavum burden: evaluating the role of ATTRwt amyloid deposition in ligamentum flavum thickness at all lumbar levels. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;206:106708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106708.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"3422_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.228","volume":"142","author":"KM George","year":"2020","unstructured":"George KM, Dowd RS, Nail J, Yu A, Mastroianni M, Wang AY, et al. Wild-type Transthyretin amyloidosis occurring in the Ligamentum Flavum of the Cervicothoracic spine. World Neurosurg. 2020;142:e325\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.228.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"0","key":"3422_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2021.1950681","volume":"0","author":"A Godara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Godara A, Riesenburger RI, Zhang DX, Varga C, Fogaren T, Siddiqui NS, et al. Association between spinal stenosis and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2021;0(0):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13506129.2021.1950681.","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"14","key":"3422_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.02093","volume":"103","author":"RF Sood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sood RF, Kamenko S, McCreary E, Sather BK, Schmitt M, Peterson SL, et al. Diagnosing systemic amyloidosis presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome: a risk Nomogram to guide biopsy at time of carpal tunnel release. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(14):1284\u201394.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"3422_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.06.016","volume":"44","author":"JP Donnelly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donnelly JP, Hanna M, Sperry BW, Seitz WH. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a potential early, red-flag sign of amyloidosis. J Hand Surg Am. 2019;44(10):868\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.06.016.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"3422_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03187-z","volume":"48","author":"J Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi J, Ermann J, Weissman BN, Smith SE, Mandell JC. Thinking beyond pannus: a review of retro-odontoid pseudotumor due to rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid etiologies. Skelet Radiol. 2019;48(10):1511\u201323.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3422_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01374-2","volume":"22","author":"A Hough","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hough A, Wearden J, de Almeida K, Kaiser S. Review of Transthyretin silencers, stabilizers, and fibril removal agents in the treatment of Transthyretin cardiac amyloid. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2020;22(10):2\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03422-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03422-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03422-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:47:29Z","timestamp":1701046049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03422-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03422-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was waived at by the Horizon Health Network Research Ethics Board given the nature of a case report and the authors were instructed to obtain the individual patient\u2019s consent. The participant agreed to participate in the research by signing the free and informed commitment term.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was received from the patient via signing of our institution\u2019s waiver \u201cPatient Informed Consent - Access to Health Information for Presentation and\/or Publication\u201d.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The Authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"753"}}