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Our aim is to better characterize risk-elevating factors among those prescribed BZD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study using a 20% sample of\ufeff Medicare\u00a0beneficiaries with Part D\u00a0prescription drug coverage. Patients with a BZD prescription (\u201cindex\u201d) between 1 April 2016 and 31 December 2017 contributed to incident (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=379,273) and continuing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=509,634) cohorts based on prescriptions during a 6-month pre-index baseline. Exposures were index BZD average daily dose\u00a0and days prescribed; baseline BZD medication possession ratio (MPR) (for the continuing cohort); and co-prescribed central nervous system-active medications. Outcome was a treated fall-related injury within 30 days post-index BZD, examined using Cox proportional hazards adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates and the dose prescribed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among incident and continuing cohorts, 0.9% and 0.7% experienced fall injury within 30 days of index. In both cohorts, injury risk was elevated immediately post-index among those prescribed the lowest quantity: e.g., for &lt;14-day fill (ref: 14-30 days) in the incident cohort, risk was 37% higher the 10 days post-fill (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.37 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.59]). Risk was elevated immediately post-index for continuing users with low baseline BZD exposure (e.g., for MPR &lt;0.5 [ref: MPR 0.5-1], HR during days 1-10 was 1.23 [CI 1.08-1.39]). Concurrent antipsychotics and opioids were associated with elevated injury risk in both cohorts (e.g., incident HRs 1.21 [CI 1.03-1.40] and 1.22 [CI 1.07-1.40], respectively; continuing HRs 1.23 [1.10-1.37] and 1.21 [1.11-1.33]).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Low baseline BZD exposure and a small index prescription were associated with higher fall injury risk immediately after a BZD fill. Concurrent exposure to antipsychotics and opioids were associated with elevated short-term risk for both incident and continuing cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03497-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T20:06:45Z","timestamp":1666814805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prescription characteristics associated with fall-related injury risk among older adults prescribed benzodiazepines: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Donovan T.","family":"Maust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S. 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