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A multi-stage random sampling method has been used in the study. We stratified the 31 provinces of the country into 5 strata based on the distribution of their potential risk factors for osteoporosis and randomly selected one or two provinces from each stratum. Then, we invited 2530 people aged\u2009\u2265\u200950\u00a0years recruited in the 8<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> National Survey of None Communicable Diseases (NCD) Risk Factors (STEPs-2021) in the selected provinces to participate in IMOS. Body composition measurements including bone mineral density, muscle mass, and fat mass are measured through Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) method using HOLOGIC (Discovery and Horizon) devices; and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) is measured on the DXA scans using iNsight software. Anthropometric measurement and physical examinations are made by a trained nurses and other required information are collected through face-to-face interviews made by trained nurses. Laboratory measurements are made in a central lab. The prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia will be estimated after applying sampling design, non-response, and post-stratification weights to the data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IMOS will provide valuable information on the prevalence and determinants of osteoporosis and sarcopenia at the national level, and the results can be used in evaluating health system interventions and policymaking in the field of musculoskeletal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03532-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T19:03:14Z","timestamp":1666551794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Iranian Multi-center Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), 2021\u20132022: the study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazem","family":"Khalagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6205-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noushin","family":"Fahimfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hajivalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2992-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Sanjari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Mansourzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4535-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safoora","family":"Gharibzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Shafiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koorosh","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Alaeddini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Farzadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Mohseni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazli","family":"Namazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farideh","family":"Razi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kobra","family":"Gorgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katayoun","family":"Kateb Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nekoo","family":"Panahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Heshmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-5976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Raeisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8670-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afshin","family":"Ostovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3532_CR1","unstructured":"IOF. 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The STEPs survey was approved by the ethic committee of the National Institute of Health Research of the Islamic Republic of Iran (ethic code: IR.TUMS.NIHR.REC.1398.006) and the IMOS study was approved by the Iranian National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD) ethics committee (ethic code: IR.NIMAD.1398.056). Written informed consents were separately obtained from the participants in each of the two parts of the study.Performing DXA to measure body composition has a very small amount of radiation and in many studies it is considered zero. Anthropometric measurements, blood tests, BMD and muscle mass tests were done for free. Participants were paid a travel allowance to the IMOS data collection center. Data was collected electronically. Blood samples and BMD measurements were also obtained by standard methods. Blood samples were stored in the biobank while coding.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The written informed consent obtained from the participants included the consent for publication of analyzed data as scientific articles in domestic and international journals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"818"}}